Morphological characterization and in vitro regeneration in strawberry (Frageria sp.)
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Date
2018
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College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University, Imphal
Abstract
Morphological evaluation as per defined DUS descriptors for seven cultivated varieties of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) viz., Camarosa, Chandler, Festival, Sweet Charlie, Nabila, Sabrina and Winter Dawn were done in the farmer’s field across four locations of Sohliya, Umsning, Umktieh and Pynursla in Meghalaya where strawberry is commercially grown following recommended package of practices. Of the thirty one qualitative traits studied, variation was observed for nineteen traits. Wide variation was also observed for the fourteen quantitative traits pertaining to fruit size, number of fruits/ inflorescence and total soluble solids (TSS) among others. A comparison between observed and expected cultivar specific DUS character values revealed differences in 25% of the cases for eight fruit traits studied indicating that varietal performance is possibly affected by different micro climatic conditions and presence of variability within the clones of the cultivars. Correlation studies revealed that TSS was significantly correlated to fruit size and achenes/fruit while number of fruits/inflorescence was highly significantly correlated to number of flowers/inflorescence. Number of achenes/fruit correlated highly significantly to diameter of calyx in relation to diameter of fruit and number of flowers/inflorescence was significantly correlated to petiole length and petal length: breadth. Petal length: width ratio was highly significantly correlated with flower diameter and significantly to petiole length. Pooled ANOVA for the common varieties Festival and Winter Dawn grown in all the four locations studied revealed that G x E component was highly significant for fruit specific traits indicating differential performance from location to location as a result of genotype x environment interaction. The effect of growth regulators on in vitro regeneration was also studied in Camarosa, Chandler, Festival and Winter Dawn. Best sterilization results were obtained for explants sterilized using Tween 20, 0.1% Bavistin, 0.1% Ascorbic acid + 0.1% Streptomycin and 0.1% Mercuric chloride for 30, 45, 40 and 8 minutes respectively. Sixteen different concentrations and combinations of growth regulators were used out of which regeneration from runners was successfully observed in six combinations of growth regulators. MS media supplemented with 5 mg/l BAP+ 1 mg/l IAA produced maximum percent survival of explants and maximum number of shoots while MS medium supplemented with 4 mg/lBAP + 1 mg/l IAA produced the highest shoot length. Rooting was observed in half strength MS media supplemented with 0.5 mg/l IBA. Rooted plantlets were transferred to soil where they showed 66.67% survival.