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Central Agricultural University, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Umiam
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ThesisItem Open Access Genetic Analysis of Yield Contributing Traits in Lowland Rice Genotypes and NILs Under Acidic Soil(College of Post Graduate Studies, CAU, Imphal, 2014-06) Debnath, Ashim; Rai, MayankRice (Oryza sativa) farming is the largest single use of land for producing food. India is the largest rice growing country and 2nd in terms of production. Rice belongs to the genus Oryza of the family Gramineae and forms the staple food of 2.7 billion people. Various abiotic stresses limit rice production in acidic soil environments. Among these various abiotic stresses Iron (Fe) and Aluminium (Al) toxicity affect the rice production under low and upland conditions respectively. The present study was conducted on a set of promising genotypes, their F1s, and a set of NILs (Near isogenic Lines) to determine the combining ability of parents adapted to acidic soil conditions through L X T analysis and also for evaluation of parents and NILs under acidic soil, aluminium and iron toxic hydroponics conditions. A relationship between seedling stage aluminium and iron toxicity tolerance under hydroponics condition and field performance under acidic soil was also made in this study. In the genetic analysis, among the lines, L1 and L5 (Priya and Sahbhagi Dhan), while among the testers T1 and T3 (IR 24 and Kasalath) showed the best general combining ability while the crosses Sahbhagi Dhan X Kasalath (L5 X T3), Shahsarang X Sambamasuri (L4 X T2), Priya X IR 24 (L1 X T1) showed the best specific combining ability. Also, Sahbhagi Dhan X Kasalath (L5XT3) showed maximum heterosis for seven of the ten traits studied when compared to the best commercial cultivar of the region, Shahsarang. Field level screening of NILs in acidic soil was done in augmented design along with three checks Swarna, Shahsarang, Sahbhagi Dhan. Based on nine different traits superior, average and inferior performing lines were selected. By means of hydroponic experiment conducted using Magnavaca’s nutrient solution (for Al toxicity screening) and Yoshida‘s solution (for iron toxicity screening), different superior and inferior lines were identified based on parameters like root growth, root/shoot biomass. It may however be mentioned that there were no significant correlation between superior and inferior lines in field and hydroponics but some lines were identified which perform well in both condition and perform poor in field as well as hydroponics condition. The information generated would help identify suitable parents for breeding programme under acidic soils and the phenotypic data on the NILs may serve as a base for future mapping of loci responsible for yield under acidic soils, aluminium and iron toxic conditions.ThesisItem Open Access Study of Morphological and Genetic Variability in Ginger Accessions of North- East India(College of Post Graduate Studies, CAU Imphal, 2014-11) Sangma, Aiarson K.; Mohapatra, K. P.Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is a rhizomatous crop which belongs to the family Zingiberaceae under the order Zingiberals and the tribe Zingibereae. Genetic variability generates relevant information on the possibility of genetic improvement of crops for yield and quality attributes. The study was designed to study the variability in ginger with the help of morphological traits and molecular markers and to find out the superior genotypes with respect to yield and quality attributes. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 48 accessions/popular varieties and three replications during April 2013. Analysis of variance revealed presence of significant variation (Fcal > Ftab at 5% L.S.) for all the ten attributes such as plant height, leaf area, number of leaves per plant, number of tillers per plant, rhizome thickness, number of fingers per plant, and fresh rhizome yield. Highest rhizome yield was obtained in variety Nadia (35.65 t/ha) which was statistically at par with WGH1 (28.65 t/ha), WGH5 (26.98 t/ha), EGH2 (26.04 t/ha), JH4 (25.94 t/ha) and JH6 (25.00 t/ha). In oleoresin, highest oleoresin was obtained in genotype Khasi local (9.94%). GCV and PCV were highest for fresh rhizome yield (24.35%, 42.32%) followed by number of leaves per plant (23.33%, 36.90%). Based on high heritability coefficient coupled with high genetic advance, dry recovery (93.86%, 37.12%) and oleoresin content (86.65%, 38.60%) were found superior traits. Correlation coefficient revealed that fresh rhizome yield had significant positive genotypic correlation with plant height (0.654), rhizome thickness (0.916) and number of fingers per rhizome (0.779) at genotypic level. It had a positive significant correlation with leaf area (0.423) and number of leaves per plant (0.361) at genotypic level. Path coefficient analysis for effect of the different attributes on fresh rhizome yield revealed maximum correlation coefficient for rhizome thickness (0.916) with direct positive effect of 0.617. Higher direct effects of plant height (0.577) and rhizome thickness (0.617) on fresh rhizome yield indicated that they can be considered as important characters for selecting genotypes for yield improvement. The D2 analysis and subsequent clustering by Tocher‟s method grouped the 48 accessions into 11 clusters. Inter-cluster distances were more than the intra-cluster distances signifying that the genotypes from different clusters were reasonably divergent. The overall assessment based on morphological and quality attributes showed that there is considerable variability among ginger accessions in North Eastern Region which has important implications for selection of superior ginger for yield. Molecular marker was also used to assess the diversity among 48 accessions. Twenty seven ISSR primers were used in this study which produced 282 markers of which 237 were polymorphic (84.04% polymorphism). Nei‟s similaity coefficient was found highest (0.961) between Mizoram and WGH9; Mizoram and Ernad. The average similarity among all the NE accessions was 0.835; among the popular varieties it was 0.831. Matrix correlation between D2 distance and Nei‟s coefficient (1-similarity value) was not significant. It implied that either more ISSR markers or multiple DNA markers are needed to improve the differentiation of the genotypes.ThesisItem Open Access Insect pest complex of radish and eco-friendly management of major insect pests in Meghalaya(College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University , Imphal, 2023-10) Rai, Sabina; Patra, SandipRadish (Raphanus sativus L.) is one of the most popular root crop vegetables grown throughout the year which belongs to the family Brassicaceae. Insect pests are the most important crop limiting factor. In Meghalaya there are numerous insect pests infesting radish, however, no proper information on the insect pests complex as well as effective control measures have been studied in this area. Therefore, the present study was conducted to study the insect pests complex of radish, population dynamics and eco-friendly management of major insect pests. The experiment was conducted at Entomology Research Field, Division of Crop Science, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya. Radish (Var: Japani white long) was sown at five different sowing dates in a randomized block design (RBD) with four replications. A total of 17 insect species were recorded, out of which 13 species were observed as insect pests, and 4 were natural enemies. Insect pests recorded belongs to 4 orders and 7 families viz., 6 Coleoptera, 3 Lepidoptera, 3 Hemiptera and 1 Hymenoptera. Among the insect pests, striped flea beetle (Phyllotreta striolata Fab.) and crucifer flea beetle (Phyllotreta cruciferae Goeze) were found the most damaging pest and considered to be the major insect pests of radish in this region. Population dynamics showed that number of striped flea beetle ranged from 0.67 to 12.60 beetles/plant during different observations with peak population on third week of January i.e. 3rd SMW whereas population of crucifer flea beetle ranged from 0.27 to 6.47 beetles/plant with peak population on third week of January i.e. 3rd SMW. Striped flea beetle and crucifer flea beetle population were negatively significant with maximum, minimum and average temperature. The first and second sowing recorded less infestation of insect pests and highest yield 266.53q/ha and 264.60q/ha, respectively and the lowest yield was obtained from late sowing i.e. 5th sowing (230.70q/ha). Cypermethrin was found to be most effective treatment against striped flea beetle with 1.98 beetle/plant and 81.06% reduction over control and crucifer flea beetle with 1.06 beetle/plant and 78.75% reduction over control. Amongst the bio-pesticide Metarhizium robertsii, neem oil, and Beauveria bassiana was found effective in reducing beetle population over untreated control. The highest yield of radish 328q/ha (with leaves) and 231.70q/ha (without leaves) was observed in cypermethrin treated plot. The present study concludes that early sowing during rabi season i.e. mid-October to mid-November maybe sown to avoid the severity of insect pests. Cypermethrin may be used for effective management of flea beetles. Among biopesticides, Metarhizium robertsii, neem oil and Beauveria bassiana may be employed safely for organic management of these pests of radish.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of sowing time on summer pulse(s) in lowland rice fallows(College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University , Imphal, 2018-03) Mayanglambam, Bishonath Singh; A. K. SinghPulses are the second important group of crops after cereals, providing high dietary protein (20 to 25 %). In NER of India, farmers mostly go for monocropping of rainfed rice. Due to various reasons such as cultivation of long-duration rice varieties, water logging and excessive moisture, non-availability of seeds of short duration varieties of Rabi crops, more than 5 lakh ha of such low lying area remain as rice fallows after harvest of rice during Rabi season. Such fallow land can be brought under cultivation, with short duration varieties of summer pulses. To identify suitable summer pulse(s) for low landrice fallow and to determine their optimum sowing date, the current study was undertaken. Higher grain yield of all the summer pulses was obtained when sowing was done on 4th March and it got reduced with either early (19th and 26th February) or late sowing (11th March). Lower grain yield of cowpea was recorded when sown on 26thFebruary over all other dates of sowing (19th February, 4th March and 11th March) while, in frenchbean lower grain yield was recorded when sown on 11th March. Both blackgram and greengram recorded lower grain yield when sown on 19th February. The comparative performance of summer pulses was assessed in term of rice equivalent yield, protein yield,benefit cost ratio (B:C) and changes in soil fertility status after crop harvest. French bean gave higher rice equivalent yield over all summer pulses in all sowing dates, except on 11thMarch where cowpea while, being at par with frenchbean recorded higher rice equivalent yield. Among summer pulses greengram recorded lower rice equivalent yield at all date of sowing. Sowing on 4th March gave higher rice equivalent yield in all summer pulses; minimum rice equivalent yield was recorded when sowing was done on 11th March. Similarly higher protein yield and B:C was recorded when summer pulses were sown on 4th March. Minimum protein yield was recorded from 19th February sowing while, lower B: C ratio was recorded from both 19th February and 11th March sowing. Among summer pulses cowpea gave maximum protein yield over all the summer pulses in all date of sowing, except on 26th February where frenchbean while, being at par with cowpea gave higher protein yield. Greengram recorded minimum protein yield in all dates of sowing. Benefit cost ratio of all summer pulses was found to be higher when sowing was done on 4thMarch while, lower B: C was recorded from both 19th February and 11th March sowing dates. Maximum benefit cost ratio was recorded from cowpea in all dates of sowing, except on 26th March where frenchbean gave higher benefit cost ratio. Cowpea also left higher residual soil available N, P and K as compared to other summer pulses. Hence it can be concluded that cowpea perform better over other pulses followed by frenchbean and their optimum sowing date is 4th March.ThesisItem Open Access Response of lowland rice cultivars to nitrogen application-A modelling approach(College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University , Imphal, 2017-08) Kant, Kamal; Bora, Pradip K.A field experiment was conducted the Research Farm of College of Post-Graduate Studies, Umiam, Meghalaya during kharif season of 2016 following Factorial Randomised Block Design with three replications. The soil of the experimental site was sandy clay loam soil in texture having pH 4.82 and organic carbon 3.28%. The available N, P and K was 359.9, 17.6 and 196.4 kg ha-1, respectively. Three rice cultivars (CAU-R1, Shahsarang1 and Lumpnah1) were grown with four nitrogen levels (60, 80, 100 and 120 kgN ha-1) for the study. Data generated in the study were used for calculation of genetic coefficients and calibration of DSSAT CERES-Rice model. Shahsarang1 recorded significantly higher plant height over the CAU-R1and at par with Lumpnah1. A significant difference was observed in tillers per hill at 60, 90DAT and at harvest. Shahsarang1 was significantly superior over Lumpnah1 and at par with CAU-R1 at 90 DAT and at harvest. The dry weight of biomass in Shahsarang1 showed significant superiority at 90 DAT and at harvest over other two varieties. At 30 DAT Shahsarang1 showed significant difference between CAU-R1 and at par with Lumpnah1.Leaf area and leaf area index showed significant superiority of Shahsarang1 over CAU-R1at all the stages of observation and at par with Lumpnah1 at 90 DAT. Shahsarang1recorded highest panicle length over Lumpnah1 and at par with CAU-R1. Test weight was maximum in CAU-R1 which was significantly higher over Shahsarang1 and at par withLumpnah1. Highest grain yield and above-ground-biomass yield were obtained from Shahsarang1 which was significantly superior over Lumpnah1 and CAU-R1, Grain yield of CAU-R1 was at par with Shahsarang1. Total N and K uptake in grain, straw were maximumin Shahsarang1 following by CAU-R1 and Lumpnah1. Production of tillers per hill varied significantly due to nitrogen levels at 60 DAT and at harvest. Successive increase in nitrogen level produced significantly more number of tillers and leaf area. At 30 DAT and 60 DAT, 120 kg N ha-1 showed significantlyhigher leaf area over the 60 and 80 kg N ha-1 and at par with 100 kg N ha-1. However, most of the growth parameters had not shown statistically significant difference but increased with each level of nitrogen resulting increase in plant height, tillers hill-1, leaf area, leaf area index and dry matter production, CGR, RGR and higher values were recorded at 120 kg N ha-1 compared to 60 kg N ha-1. Number of filled grain panicle-1 was highest at 120 kg N ha-1which was significantly superior over 60 kg N ha-1. However, Nitrogen level 120 kg ha-1 at par with 100 and 80 kg N ha-1. Nitrogen levels significantly affected the potassium uptake by grain and total potassium uptake. Nitrogen levels of 120 kg ha-1 recorded significantly more potassium uptake in grain which was at par with 100 kg N ha-1 but significantly superior over 80 kg ha-1 and 60 N kg ha-1. Due to nitrogen levels soil organic carbon showed the significant difference. Highest soil organic carbon was obtained from the nitrogen level at 80 kg ha-1 which was superior over the N level of 120 kg ha-1 and at par with 100 and 60 kg N ha-1. Genetic coefficients were calculated from the field experiment data and used for the calibration of the CERES-Rice model. Predicted grain yield and above ground biomass yield was well agreed with observed yield, but anthesis day and maturity day were underestimated by the model for CAU-R1 and Lumpnah1. For Shahsarang1, all the parameters, viz. predicted anthesis day, maturity day, grain yield and above ground biomass yield were much close to the observed yield.ThesisItem Open Access A study on entrepreneurial behaviour of tribal farmers in adoption of improved pig farming practices in Dhalai district of Tripura(College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University , Imphal, 2018-08) Debnath, Biswajit; Singha, A. K.Entrepreneurship has now been recognized as a concept not only vital for industries but also in the development of agriculture. Development of entrepreneurship is directly related to the socio-economic development of the society. Pig farming has been recognized as one of the profitable ventures among the rural masses in Tripura, particularly among tribal farmers. It plays a significant role in ensuring livelihood security to the millions of tribal small & marginal farmers, landless labourers and rural folk. This is one of the most profitable entrepreneurial avenues among different livestock farming and gaining momentum under rural backyard condition. Piggery is an important activity that provides opportunity as an income generating activity for small scale farmers, especially in developing countries like India. With the increase demand for meat, fast-growing species like pigs with efficient feed conversion rates likely to solve the meat requirement. The present study was conducted on entrepreneurial behaviour of tribal farmers in adoption of improved pig farming practices in Dhalai district of Tripura during 2017-18. Based on the objectives of the study, Ex-post facto research design was followed. In Dhalai district, two blocks namely Ambassa and Salema were purposively selected and from each of the selected block, three villages were selected purposively based on highest population of tribals in the villages. A total 120 farmers were selected by proportionate random sampling. Data were collected by personal interview method using structured interview schedule and collected data were analyzed by using appropriate statistical tools. The socio-economic profile of the respondents revealed that more number of pig farmers belonged to middle age group. And out of total respondents more number of respondents had up to primary school education (38.30%), medium family size (73.34%), medium level of experience in farming (54.16%), medium economic motivation (50.84%), medium mass media exposure (48.34%), medium extension contact (43.34%) and medium annual income (46.67%). The entrepreneurial behaviour of the respondents revealed that more number of respondents have medium innovativeness, medium achievement motivation, medium decision making ability, low planning ability, medium risk orientation, medium level of co-ordinating ability, medium cosmopoliteness, medium self confidence, medium level of information seeking behaviour. The pig farmers faced multiple constraints in pig farming. The major constraints were high cost of concentrate feed, non-availability of vaccines / medicines / timely health care in the area of study, mortality due to frequent disease outbreak, lack of scientific knowledge and skills in modern piggery / livestock practices, limited awareness and lack of government supports, traditional system of rearing of pigs among the tribal farmers, less availability of good quality piglets, lack of credit facilities to support entrepreneurial venture in piggery, lack of transportation and communication facilities as well as processing units in the district and poor economic condition of tribal farmers to incur initial investment for scientific rearing of pigs.ThesisItem Open Access Ascertaining m4agriNEI farmers' innovations on climate-smart agriculture : a case study(College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University , Imphal, 2018-08) Salam Prabin Singh; Rajkumar Josmee SinghClimate change has adversely impacted agriculture in way of variabilities in rainfall, temperature, dry & cold spells, sunshine hours, emergence of new pathogens and diseases to crops & animals. With this sensitiveness and vulgarised problems of the climate change, innovation to its adaption in terms of farmers’ innovations towards Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) practices become inevitable for the subsistence of small and marginal farmers. CSA is an agricultural approach that sustainably increases productivity, adaptation and reduces greenhouse gases. The collaborative research project - m4agriNEI between CPGS and Digital India Corporation (formerly Media Lab Asia) which is an innovative mix of mobile with Toll Free IVRS based farmer specific advisory system in which the system allows transmitting need based Agro-Advisory Services (AAS) through voice, text, images and videos from both end (farmer to expert and back) encompassed the domains of sustainable crop production intensification, control of pest and diseases of crops, soil and water conservation practices, conservation and sustainable use of genetic resources of agricultural crops, livestock production and management, building synergies with local institutions for enhanced crop production etc. which are climate smart in their content. The adaptability of the farmers in their local context, is also an important factors to determine how registered farmers’ acts in coping with the effects of climate change. The relevance of the study creates an originality in knowledge to design societal adaptation practices to adapt and mitigate climate change. Hence, the present study was undertaken with the following objectives :- (1) To identify the Climate-Smart Agricultural (CSA) Innovations of registered farmers of m4agriNEI; (2) To ascertain the factors of m4agriNEI in enhancing the Climate-Smart Agricultural (CSA) Innovations of registered farmers; and (3) To prioritize the constraints faced by registered farmers in innovating Climate-Smart Agricultural (CSA) practices. The study followed a Case study research design. In the research, the four project districts viz., Ri-Bhoi, East Khasi Hills, West Khasi Hills and West Jaintia Hills were selected purposively. With the criteria being a respondent who have made proactive average calls of 5 times a week and above were considered in the sampling frame and a total of 65 registered farmers were selected. Q-sort method was employed to identify climate smart agricultural innovations. Altogether, 5 Innovations have been identified and documented in the study. Multinomial Logistic Regression analysis was used to determine the factors enhancing the Climate-Smart Agricultural Adaptations by registered farmers. The study revealed, with Cox & Snell R2 and Nagelkerke R2 value of .557 and .633 respectively, determined that 55.7% and 63.3% of the variability on the factors of m4agriNEI viz., Timeliness, Relevancy, Economy and Accuracy of AAS in enhancing the CSA innovations of registered farmers. Paired comparison analysis was employed for prioritizing the problems face by the registered farmers. ‘Poor access to market’ was the most prioritized problem as reported by the respondents meanwhile ‘crop insurance’ did not exist well in the study area . The study concludes that Innovation concepts are no longer metaphors in m4agriNEI, there is necessity for continuous guidance from such AAS, so that farmers can augment their capacity to surge the productivity besides innovating their efforts in local as well as national level.ThesisItem Open Access Agro-advisory effectiveness of m4agriNEI on climate sensitive sustainable agriculture: an evaluative study(College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University , Imphal, 2018-07) Hussain, Irshad; Rajkumar Josmee SinghThe complex, diverse and risk prone agriculture of North East India is exposed to challenges caused by climate change. Extreme weather events or inter annual variations in rainfall and temperature results in reduced yields or even the destruction of crops, affecting farmers’ incomes and livelihoods. Mobile-enabled information services have the potential to play an important role in improving the adoption of modern technologies, inputs, and best practices. The collaborative research project - m4agriNEI between CPGS and Digital India Corporation is an innovative mix of mobile and web applications along with Toll Free IVRS based farmer specific advisory system in which the system allows transmitting the Agro-Advisory Services (AAS).The dissertation, in order to examine the AAS effectiveness of m4agriNEI inclimate sensitive sustainable agriculture CSSA, has embodied two research objectives viz., (1) To develop the evaluative indicators of Agro-Advisory Services of m4agriNEI on climate sensitive sustainable agriculture, and (2) To ascertain the effectiveness of Agro-Advisory Services to registered farmers ofm4agriNEI on climate sensitive sustainable agriculture. The Study followed diagnostic research design. Based on agricultural importance two project districts namely the Ri-Bhoi and East Khasi Hills districts were selected purposively. Consequently, two agriculturally important project blocks, one from each district, were selected purposively, further from each selected block three agriculturally important villages having highest registered farmers were selected purposively. Keeping power = 0.95, α = 0.05, effect size of 0.3, a total of 134 respondents were finally selected for the study by following proportionate random sampling without replacement. By performing content analysis from the universe of 104 kinds of SMSs which had been pushed to registered farmers, ten (10) evaluative indicators have been identified. Administering the agro-advisory effectiveness index of m4agriNEI, which has been developed for the study, it was found that high percentage –nearly (44.10%) of respondents claimed that the AAS of m4agriNEI was highly effective pertaining to CSSA. The study also examined the socio-economic, knowledge and adoption profiles of the respondents w.r.t. CSSA. It was noted that more than (55.20%) of respondents were in middle age; majority of respondents with the percentage of about (80.60%) and (68.70%) belonged to marginal farmers and had medium level of annual income, respectively. Higher percentage, about (38.80%) of respondents had education up to high school. Pertaining to the ‘Knowledge on Mitigation and Adaptation of CSSA practices’ and ‘Adoption of CSSA practices’, it was revealed that the respondents belonged to medium category with percentage of about (75.30%)and (56.70%) respectively. On testing the independence, by using chi-square, between ‘Effectiveness of AAS of m4agriNEI on CSSA’ and ten evaluative indicators, it was divulged that all the nine indicators expecting ‘Frequency of calls made by respondents’ were found to be significant at 1% level of significance. The study conclude that AAS of m4agriNEI is an effective tool for disseminating information on CSSA, however the effectiveness can be further enhanced if there were provision for customized decision support systems.ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of child poverty in rural farm households of Garo hills, Meghalaya(College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University , Imphal, 2018-07) Hegde, Guruprasad Nagesh; Loukham DevaraniPoverty is a multidimensional concept and affects social groups differently of which children are most vulnerable. Many studies have shown that undernourished,uneducated poor children are likely to become undernourished, uneducated poor adults.Since,the common aim of rural extension programmes is the improvement of the lives of the ruralpeople, understanding the situation of the children of the rural farm households is an importantpart of extension. The study was conducted in Garo Hills region of Meghalaya with theobjectives to study the profile of children living in the poor rural farm households and to find outthe dimensions of poverty among those children. From three villages of Tura and Ampati subdivision,60 households were randomly selected. Depending on the number of children of theselected age range of 5-14 years in a household, either one or two children from eachhousehold was selected for the study, a total 80 children selected as respondents of the study.Majority of the children (86.25 %) had their parents as the primary care giverthe number ofsiblings of the selected children ranged from 2-6. Average family size was 6.66 persons with arange of 4-9 members. 88.33 percent of the children lived in nuclear families with both parents.The literacy rate of the mothers was 83.37 per cent and that of fathers was 85.00 per cent. Themean annual household income of the sampled households was ₹. 44,850. Majority of thehouseholds (75.00%) had marginal land holding of up to 1.0 hectare. Highest deprivation ratewas recorded in the indicators safe drinking water (87.50%), cooking fuel (81.80%), housing(71.25%) and access to information (41.25%) respectively. If seen dimension wise, deprivationwas highest in living standard (90.0%) followed by health (71.25%) and nutrition (60.00%).Average deprivation score of the children was 0.34 with a range of 0.03 to 0.79. 77.50 per centof the children were multidimensionally poor of which 18.75 percent were classified to beseverely poor. It was found that parents’ education, parents’ age, family income, land holdingand livelihood diversification were found be important determinants of child deprivation. Theoverall C-MPI (Child Multidimensional Poverty Index) of the study area was 34.00 per cent.Interventions by development agencies in order to aware and educate the parents regardingpoverty alleviation and livelihood linked programmes as well as provide basic amenities for agood living condition of the rural households is recommended.
