Application of conventional and metagenomic approaches to analyse the effect of nanocompounds and indigenous bioinoculants on the health of soil and Zea mays
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Date
2019-01
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
Present study puts forward the application of nanocompounds (nanogypsum, nanozeolite, nanochitosan and nanophos) in agriculture practices for the sustenance of agriculture system under pot and field conditions. Impact of nanocompounds was studied on soil and maize health using microbiological, biochemical and metagenomic approaches. Out of 20 bacterial isolates recovered from nanogypsum treated soil, 2 best plant growth promotory rhizobacteria (PC1 and PC4) were selected which showed best growth in the presence of nanogypsum and identified as Pseudomonas taiwanensis and Pantoea agglomerans with assession number MK106029 and MK106024 respectively. Treatment of nanogypsum with PC1 and PC4 showed 97.22% and 98.61% germination compared to control which had only 69% and 70.27% germination under sterilized and unsterilized condition in the pot experiment. Percent seed germination was also significantly higher in the combined treatments of nanocompounds, PGPRs under field condition. In the pot trial conducted in sterilized and unsterilized soil on maize, application of nanogypsum and bioinoculants enhanced the plant health parameters by 1.5 fold. A significant increase (>2 fold) in leaf area, chlorophyll, carotenoid, total sugar, total phenolic content and antioxidant enzymes was observed in the seedlings treated with different combinations of nanocompounds and bioinoculants under pot and field trials. GC-MS analysis of 60 days old maize leaves revealed a clear cut difference in the concentration of phenolics, acid esters and sugars in treated plants than the control. Combined treatment of nanocompounds and PS2 and PS10 enhanced maize yield significantly in field condition. Improved in soil health was observed. Physicochemical parameters like oxidizable organic carbon, available phosphorous, potassium, ammonical nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen were higher in treated soil as compared to control. Application of nanocompounds enhanced total and NPK dissolving bacterial population in the experimental soil. Soil health indicator enzymes showed higher activities in all treated soil. Two to three fold increase in the activity of FDA hydrolysis, dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, β-glucosidase, amylase and arylesterase was observed in nanocompound and PGPRs treated soil than the control. Copy number of bacterial population enhanced in treated soil as compared to control. T-RFLP analysis showed that nanocompounds treated soil had more number of bacteria as compared to control. Metagenomics study of soil under the treatment of nanogypsum
with PC1, nanozeolite and nanochitosan with PS10 showed overall increase in bacterial population compared to control in pot and field trial. Rarefaction curve exhibited a steeper slope for nanogypsum along with PC1, nanozeolite and nanochitosan along with Bacillus sp. treated soil than the control and demonstrated greater genetic diversity. Proteomic study of bacterial isolates showed that the nanocompounds used in the study were not toxic for the bacterial isolates hence can be used as bioinoculants in the presence of nanocompounds.
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