GENETIC DIVERSITY FOR YIELD AND QUALITY CHARACTERS IN SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

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dc.contributor.advisorPRASANNA RAJESH, A.
dc.contributor.authorSAHITHI REDDY, M.
dc.date.accessioned2022-08-17T09:06:52Z
dc.date.available2022-08-17T09:06:52Z
dc.date.issued2022-08-17
dc.descriptionGENETIC DIVERSITY FOR YIELD AND QUALITY CHARACTERS IN SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)en_US
dc.description.abstractThe present investigation was undertaken during kharif, 2019 at Indian Institute of Millets Research (ICAR-IIMR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad with the objective of estimating the amount of genetic divergence and genetic variability along with estimation of other genetic parameters like mean, heritability, genetic advance as per cent of mean, character association and magnitude of direct and indirect effects of 14 yield and quality traits in 60 sorghum germplasm accessions along with four checks. The analysis of variance exposed significant differences among 60 sorghum genotypes along with four checks for all the characters investigated. The values of PCV were observed higher than the values of GCV for all the traits, indicating the environmental influence on the expression of these characters. High values of PCV and GCV were noted for plant height, 1000-seed weight, ear head length, harvest index, crude fibre content, total antioxidant activity, dry fodder yield, total phenol content and grain yield per plant, implying high degree of variability among the genotypes studied. High heritability in addition to high GAM was observed for the traits viz., ear head length, total phenol content, dry fodder yield, days to maturity, plant height, water absorption capacity, protein content, harvest index, grain yield per plant, crude fibre content, days to 50% flowering, total antioxidant activity and 1000-seed weight, suggesting the functioning of additive gene action in the inheritance of these traits. Therefore, simple phenotypic selection is sufficient for improving these traits. Whereas the trait, total carbohydrate content showed high heritability along with moderate GAM thereby implying the operation of both additive and non-additive gene actions. The traits, total carbohydrate content and harvest index expressed significant positive association with grain yield per plant at phenotypic level. Path analysis expressed that the characters, harvest index and total carbohydrate content exhibited xiii true relationship with grain yield per plant by exposing significant positive association and positive direct effect. By taking into account the nature and magnitude of character associations and their direct and indirect effects, it can be implied that the traits, total carbohydrate content and harvest index could play a significant role in the plant breeding programme for the development of high yielding sorghum genotypes. Multivariate analysis revealed the presence of considerable amount of genetic divergence among the 60 sorghum genotypes along with four checks under study. D2 analysis grouped the 60 genotypes along with four checks of sorghum into 17 clusters. Cluster I was the largest comprising 18 genotypes whereas the clusters II, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI and XVII are smallest with single genotype each. The genotypes from the clusters XI (EC 542236) and XVII (EC 580579) exhibited maximum inter-cluster distance (120144.20) implying high genetic diversity among the genotypes from these clusters. The principal component analysis expressed that first five principal components registered eigen values greater than one and exhibited 79.25% of the total variability. Scatter diagrams of PCA denoted the genotypes, EC 542236 originated in U.S.A., EC 580579 originated in Burkina Faso, IC 291093 and IC 291124 originated in Tamil Nadu, India as more divergent genotypes because they scattered away from the other genotypes which is also evident from the results of Tocher‟s method, where all these genotypes are from separate clusters (XVII, XVI, XI, XIV and VIII). Hence, these genotypes can be used in future breeding programs since they exhibited high genetic divergence. The genotypes which are observed as more divergent genotypes in the present study (EC 542236, EC 580579, IC 291093 and IC 291124) are also expressing high mean performance for quality characters hence they can be preferred in hybridization programs for getting superior hybrids. Finally, the crosses EC 542236 x EC 580579 and IC 291093 x EC 580579 are having great chance of yielding heterotic hybrids.en_US
dc.identifier.otherD6262
dc.identifier.urihttps://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810186398
dc.keywordsGENETIC DIVERSITY, YIELD, QUALITY CHARACTERS, SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)en_US
dc.language.isoEnglishen_US
dc.pages137en_US
dc.publishergunturen_US
dc.subGenetics and Plant Breedingen_US
dc.themeGENETIC DIVERSITY FOR YIELD AND QUALITY CHARACTERS IN SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)en_US
dc.these.typeM.Scen_US
dc.titleGENETIC DIVERSITY FOR YIELD AND QUALITY CHARACTERS IN SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)en_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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