CLINICO-DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON PARVOVIRAL ENTERITIS IN DOGS
Loading...
Date
2014-12
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
ABSTRACT:
Canine parvoviral enteritis is probably one of the most common infectious disorders of dogs through out the globe and the most prevalent virus responsible for high mortality (in the absence of therapy) in young pups with haemorrhagic gastroenteritis.
The present study was undertaken to diagnose, to study the symptomatology, haematobiochemical alterations and to assess the therapeutic efficacy of different drug regimens in the treatment of paroviral enteritis in dogs. A total of 24 faecal samples were collected from dogs with symptoms suggestive of parvovirus infection and tested with Scan VetTM PARVO kit. Out of 24 faecal samples, 14 samples were positive for the CPV infection which were further confirmed by PCR. In the present study, the relative sensitivity and specificity of the kit with PCR were found to be 73.68 percent and 100 percent respectively. Overall prevalence of the disease was 58.33 percent. Pups upto 3 months age group (78.57 %) were highly susceptible than 3 to 6 months age group (30 %). Males (68.75 %) were reported with high prevalence when compared to females (37.5 %). Higher prevalence was recorded in Doberman (28.75 %) followed by Great dane, Labrador retriever, Mongrel, Dalmatian, German shepherd and Rottweiler.
Culturing of positive faecal samples showed the presence of bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp., in different combinations. Detailed symptomatology (14 pups) recorded revealed dullness (100 %), anorexia (71.43 %), inappetence (28.57 %), whitish frothy vomiting and hematemesis (28.57 % each), yellowish and plain, watery type vomiting (21.43 % each), greenish foul smelling diarrhoea (21.43 %), bloody foul smelling diarrhoea (78.57 %), mild dehydration (50 %), moderate dehydration (35.71 %), severe dehydration (14.28 % ), fever (71.43 %), tachycardia (71.43 %), congested and pale conjunctival mucous membrane ( 28.57 % each) on the day of presentation. Haematolgy of CPV affected dogs (14) revealed significantly decreased mean values of haemoglobin (9.97+0.84 gm %), packed cell volume ((28.27+ 2.73 %), lymphocyte (13.27+1.17 %) and thrombocyte count (264714.43+ 37911.18 /cumm), while the mean neutrophil count (77.45+1.29 %) was significantly increased. However, upon detailed analysis, 57.14 percent were anaemic (5/14; 2.7- 8.1 gm/dl), 42.86 percent were leucopenic (6/14; 1800- 5200/cumm), 28.57 percent were neutropenic (4/14; 30- 40 %), 42.86 percent were lymphopenic (6/14; 9- 12 %) and 35.71 percent were thrombocytopenic (5/14; 63,000- 1,62,000 /cumm). While 28.57 percent and 42.86 percent of cases had leucocytosis (4/14; 19,000- 25,000) and neutrophilia (6/14; 80- 88 %) respectively. In the present study, serum biochemical profile of CPV affected pups (14) depicted significantly increased mean blood urea nitrogen (36.48+6.16 mg/dl) and significantly decreased mean serum potassium levels (3.59+0.14 mmol/l). However critical examination revealed elevated BUN in 50 percent of cases (7/14; 40.2- 89.83 mg/dl), hypoproteinemia in 21.43 percent of cases (3/14; 3.12- 4.17 gm/dl), hypoglycemia in 21.43 percent of cases (3/14; 40- 48 mg/dl), and hyperglycemia in 42.86 percent of cases (6/14; 133- 165 mg/dl). While electrolyte disturbances such as hypokalemia was evident in 35.71 percent of patients (5/14; 2.58- 3.13 mmol/l), hyponatremia in 7.14 percent (1/14; 120 mmol/l) and hypochloremia in 42.86 percent of cases (6/14; 97- 105 mmol/l). ECG studies revealed sinus tachycardia in 71.43 percent of cases, of which characteristic abnormalities were depicted in ECGs of 3 pups. (severe tachycardia- 420 bpm; ‘ST’ depression with small biphasic ‘T’ waves and ‘ST’ elevation with small ‘R’ waves). Antibiogram revealed highest sensitivity to amikacin (85.71 %) followed by other antibiotics such as cefepime, chloramphenicol, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, ceftazidime and amoxycillin with clavulanic acid.
14 CPV positive dogs were divided randomly into 2 groups (Group- II and Group- III). Treatment regimen included: broad spectrum antibiotics (ceftriaxone with tazobactam @ 20 mg/kg body wt.,I/V for group- II and amikacin @ 10 mg/kg body wt., I/V for group- III) while antiemetic (Ondansetron @ 0.2 mg/kg body wt., I/V ), styptic ( ethamsylate @ 10 mg/kg body wt., I/V) and fluid therapy (RL , 5 % DNS, potassium chloride and hetastarch, I/V as required) were similar for both the groups. Two pups (one from both the treatment groups) died on second day of therapy. However, by 5th day of therapy, rest of the pups had significant clinical recovery with restored general activity, satisfactory appetite (except in one patient of group- II by 7th day of therapy), complete remission of emesis and diarrhoea, normal hydration status (with exception of one patient of group- III by 7th day of therapy), normal rectal temperature and normal heart rate. Haematobiochemical parameters with exception of haemoglobin, PCV and TEC reached normalcy in all the patients on 5th day of therapy. In the present study, irrespective of the treatment, recovery was good and comparatively earlier in the pups with early presentation, aged 3- 6 months and with less haematobiochemical alterations when compared to the other pups with late presentation, relatively younger age (<2months), and with severe haematobiochemical alterations
Description
THESES
Keywords
null