Effect of butanol as an additive in ethanol Gasoline blended fuels on the performance & emission characteristics of an S.I. engine
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Date
2016-07
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G.B.Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
The power developed by an automobile is basically depends upon the fuel used for combustion. Gasoline and Diesel are basic fuels in liquid form which are extensively used in the world from last century. These fuels are derived from crude oil reserves, which is available in limited quantity in the world. This situation will create a problem for energy crises in the future. These fuels are also the big source of air pollution which is having a negative impact on environment as well as on human health. In the current scenario, ethanol is being used as an additive with gasoline in many of the countries in the world. Presently in India, 10 percent ethanol blending with gasoline is mandatory by the Government of India and from the year of 2017, it will be 20 percent. From the past researches it has been found that ethanol is a good replacement of gasoline but it has some disadvantages. Due to its hygroscopic nature, ethanol damages the internal part of the engines. It affects the metallic as well as non-metallic part of the engine. For overcoming this problem an effort has been made in this study by using butanol as an additive with ethanol-gasoline blends because butanol is not hygroscopic in nature and does not rust the internal parts of the engines. In this study, performance and emission characteristics of a multi-cylinder spark ignition engine has been evaluated on ethanol-gasoline blend with or without butanol addition. Ethanol was added with gasoline in three different volumetric ratios as 10, 20 and 30 percent. Butanol was added in the volumetric ratios of 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 percent with ethanol- gasoline and gasoline. Total sixteen blends have been prepared for the experiment. The property such as relative density, gross heat of combustion and flash and fire point of the tested fuel has been observed. Performance parameters of the engine such as bsfc, BTE, BSEC and EGT have been observed. Exhaust emission such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and oxides of nitrogen has also been observed and all parameter has been compared with gasoline and ethanol-gasoline blends also. Experimental results showed that addition of butanol in ethanol-gasoline blends has positive effect on the engine performance. From the analysis of the experimental data, it is observed that bsfc, BTE and fuel energy in terms of BSEC improved. EGT also reduced. Emissions of CO and HC found to be lower compared to ethanol-gasoline blends and gasoline. While NOx emissions were on higher side. Overall, additive blends have been performed well and found suitable without any hardware modification of the engine.
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