HISTOPATHOLOGICAL, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES ON ENDOMETRIAL BIOPSIES IN INFERTILE BUFFALOES
Loading...
Date
2010-01
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, TIRUPATI – 517 502,A.P
Abstract
ABSTRACT :
Buffaloes play an important role in dairy developmental programmes of our country. In spite of tremendous advances in veterinary medicine, during the past 50 years, the infertility in bovines remained as almost important economic factor. Poor reproductive efficiency is one of the major problems faced by buffalo breeders. Among various pathological conditions of female reproductive tract, inflammation and unfavourable uterine environment is the most important etiological factor for infertility in bovines. Endometrial biopsy examination is the most reliable diagnostic tool for veterinarians to identify the nature of infertility and so aid in reproductive herd health programme. It can be used to identify histopathological changes of endometrium and thus serve as a basis for prognostic evaluation of infertile animals. Diagnosis of sub clinical cases is possible only by histopathological examination of uterine biopsy samples. The isolation of microorganisms along with histopathological studies of endometrial biopsy permits more accurate assessment of reproductive prognosis and rational treatment of reproductive breeding of animals.
For the present study, one hundred and ten endometrial biopsies samples were collected from infertile buffaloes after thorough rectal examination and in absence of palpable uterine abnormalities. Biopsies were collected aseptically by Albuchins uterine biopsy catheter after induction of epidural anaesthesia under sterile conditions. Uterine aspirate was collected aseptically and carefully by sterile uterine catheter for cytological examination. Histopathological, cytological, bacteriological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies were carried out on uterine biopsies.
Histopathologically, the lesions observed were acute, subacute, chronic, chronic suppurative and chronic catarrhal changes in 14.54%, 34.54%, 46.37%, 1.82% and 2.73% biopsies respectively. Acute endometritis cases revealed severe congestion of endometrial blood vessels, stromal edema, degenerative changes in luminal epithelium, focal areas of denudation of epithelial lining and infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells and few lymphocytes. Endometrial cytological smears in acute endometritis cases revealed more number of neutrophils. Moderate infiltration in sub epithelial zone of stratum compactum, moderate periglandular fibrosis, hypertrophy of blood vessels, cystic dilation of endometrial glands in addition to stromal edema and glandular edema were noticed in sub acute endometritis. Lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear cells were observed in addition to epithelial cells in endometrial cytology of sub acute endometritis cases.
Diffuse infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages in stratum compactum and stratum spongiosum, thick fibro cellular endometrial stroma and gland site masses with severe periglandular fibrosis were observed in chronic endometritis cases. Severe proliferation of fibroblasts, glandular sclerosis and hyalinization of blood vessels were also noticed in chronic endometritis. Few chronic endometritis cases revealed cystic dilatation of endometrial glands and glandular hyperplasia in other non affected glands. Endometrial cytology of chronic endometritis cases revealed lymphocytes, few plasma cells in addition to epithelial cells and mucin strands. Chronic suppurative endometritis cases revealed periglandular fibrosis and infiltration of more polymorphonuclear cells in stratum compactum and stratum spongiosum. More number of degenerating polymorphonuclear cells in addition to colonies of cocco-bacilli bacteria were observed in endometrial cytological smears of chronic suppurative endometritis. Chronic catarrhal endometritis cases revealed catarrhal changes in luminal epithelium and thick connective tissue stroma in endometrium.
Bacteriological examination of endometrial biopsy samples yielded majorily Salmonella (32.5%) followed by E.coli (23.75%), Staphylococcus (28.75%), Pseudomonas (8.75%), Klebsiella (2.5%), Pasteurella (2.5%) and Streptococci (1.25%).
Immunohistochemical studies of chronic endometritis biopsies revealed more number of CD3 positive cells (pan T lymphocytes) in stratum compactum. Six chronic endometritis biopsies revealed CD138 positive cells (plasma cells) in endometrial stroma.
Scanning electron microscopic examination of uterine biopsies collected from normal endometrium revealed surface epithelial cells with few ciliated and non ciliated cells. Loss of cilia and microvilli of surface epithelium was observed in acute endometritis cases .Sub acute endometritis cases revealed rod shaped bacteria adhering to surface epithelial cells and damaged epithelial cells with loss of microvilli. Destruction of surface epithelium and glandular structure leaving hole like spaces and fibrosis with thin long reticulin fibers were noticed in chronic endometritis cases.
Description
THESES
Keywords
BUFFALOES; infertility; ENDOMETRIAL BIOPSIES