A study of economics and price behaviour of vegetables in Himachal Pradesh
| dc.contributor.advisor | Kumar, Virender | |
| dc.contributor.author | Sethi, Diksha | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-03-21T06:57:55Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2023-03-21T06:57:55Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2023-02-16 | |
| dc.description.abstract | Vegetables are integral part of Indian agriculture and nutritional security owing to their higher yield potential, nutritional richness, better economic returns and provisioning more employment opportunities. Agriculture bears great significance for hilly states like Himachal Pradesh where around 90 per cent of the population lives in rural area. Perceptible proportion of the cultivated area in the state is being shifted from cereals to vegetable crops as the state has different agro-climatic conditions which provide a great scope to farmers for profitable vegetables production. Therefore, the present research was carried out to study the economis and price behaviour of vegetables in two agro-climatic zones (Zone II and III) of the state. The study was based on both secondary and primary data. The secondary data on vegetablese for the period 1995-96 to 2021-22 were collected from different publications of Government of HP and Government of India. Further, the data were grouped in three periods viz. period I (TE 1997-98 to 2008.09), period II (TE 2009-10 to 2021-22) and overall period (TE 1997-98 to 2021- 22). Primary data were collected through survey method from 200 farmers selected using proportional allocation technique. The proportion of area under green pea (27.53%) was found maximum in 2021-22 followed by tomato (14.93%). The proportion of cabbage area to the total area has declined from 6.22 per cent in 1997-98 to 0.54 per cent in 2021-22. The share of production was high for tomato (27.80 %) followed by green pea (16.31%). It was observed that the growth rates in area, production and yield under all vegetables was 5.47, 6.64 and 1.12 per cent per annum during the study period. The findings of the study showed that the increase in production was mainly on account of area (expansion) effect and partly due to yield effect though the interaction effect was negative for tomato crop. The instability in area under different vegetable crops was found low, however, medium to high instability was found in production in the vegetables in the state as well as across districts. Total cost (cost C3 ) of cultivation was observed to be maximum Rs. 486382/ha for tomato followed by cauliflower (Rs. 445244/ha) in both Zones. The net returns over total cost were recorded to be Rs. 206368/ha for tomato and Rs. 60793/ha for cabbage. The results of regression analysis revealed that factors like seed, FYM and fertilizers significantly increased the yield of tomato, green pea and cabbage whereas further increase in human labour significantly decreases the yield. The factors like seed, FYM and fertilizers significantly affected the yield of cauliflower and capsicum. The farm income contributed about 75 per cent and non farm income to about 25 per cent, respectively. The trends in market prices showed significant increase over period of 12 years (2010-11 to 2021-22) in case of tomato, cauliflower and cabbage crop in all the markets. The arrivals and prices for all the vegetables showed inverse relationship for all the vegetables. The high degree of seasonal variations for arrivals and prices were found in the study markets. The market prices for vegetable commodities was found to be significantly influenced directly lagged prices and inversely by current arrivals. For cauliflower, the variability in the market arrivals was more pronounced in Bhuntar than the remaining markets. The price variability was, however, more marked in Takoli. The highest average price was observed in the month of October-November when the arrivals were supposed to be the lowest with moderate to low variability in tomato. The variability in the prices of cabbage and green pea was noted low to moderate, while it was moderate to high for market arrivals. The results of the study have confirmed the negative relationship between market arrivals and prices in terms of correlation coefficients over the years and across months in all the markets, though there were several instances of positive relationship.Forecasting of prices was done using time-series monthly wholesale prices from April 2010 to March 2022 for tomato, green pea, cauliflower and cabbage in selected markets. Different set of Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average models were used to forecast prices. The models were validated for accuracy with Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) in the range of 16-35 per cent which is acceptable in fresh produce markets. These models can facilitate the farmers and wholesalers in effective decision making. Therefore, the market infrastructure facilities like warehousing, transportation, processing, etc should be promoted more which would help the growers to store their excess produce during production and eliminate the seasonality in market arrivals of vegetables and minimize the price volatility of the vegetables. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810195590 | |
| dc.keywords | Himachal Pradesh, Study, Economics, Price behaviour, Vegetables | en_US |
| dc.language.iso | English | en_US |
| dc.pages | 240 | en_US |
| dc.publisher | CSK HPKV, Palampur | en_US |
| dc.sub | Agricultural Economics | en_US |
| dc.theme | Objectives 1) To analyse the spatio-temporal changes in area, production and productivity of major vegetables in the state, 2) to work out the economics and resource use efficiency of vegetable crops, and 3) to study the trends in arrivals and prices of vegetables in select markets and forecast the prices for major vegetables in Himachal Pradesh. | en_US |
| dc.these.type | Ph.D | en_US |
| dc.title | A study of economics and price behaviour of vegetables in Himachal Pradesh | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |