Phenotyping and molecular marker analysis in backcross and F4 generations of wheat for salt tolerance
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Date
2018
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CCSHAU
Abstract
Wheat is a major staple food of world population and occupies about 21.8% of total cultivated area accounting for 35.5 percent of total food grain production at global level. In India, approximately 8.5 million hectare of land area is affected by high salinity (EC ≥ 5 dS m-1). In Haryana alone, 2Mha of soil is affected by salinity which contributes to 20% of the total yield loss. Development of salinity tolerant varieties through marker assisted breeding is most efficient and effective strategy for management of soil salinity. In Haryana, HD 2967 and WH 1105 are widely cultivated wheat varieties with many agronomically superior qualities but are affected by soil salinity. In the present study, two genes (Nax1 and Nax2) for salinity tolerance were introgressed from Kharchia 65 into the genetic background of wheat varieties, HD 2967 and WH 1105 through marker assisted backcross breeding and BC1F3, BC2F2 and F4 generations of the two crosses i.e. HD 2967 x Kharchia 65 and WH 1105 x Kharchia 65, were evaluated for various morphological traits under initial salt stress condition. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic variations 68 and 44 plants of the cross HD 2967 x Kharchia 65 and WH 1105 x Kharchia 65, respectively, high yielding plants were selected. A total of 178 parental polymorphic markers were used for background selection of the foreground selected plants. Out of total 178 SSR markers screened, 31 markers were found polymorphic for the parents HD 2967 and Kharchia 65 and 30 markers were polymorphic for WH 1105 and Kharchia 65. These polymorphic SSR markers were used to produce molecular diversity among selected plants. Cluster tree analysis of parents and all the three generations of both the crosses, showed that all the selected plants were inclined toward recurrent parent HD 2967 or WH1105 indicating higher similarity with the recurrent parent. Six and four best plants were selected from the respective crosses as high grain yielding and salt tolerant plants. These plants could be further backcrossed with the recurrent parent to develop salt tolerant wheat lines.
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