Occurrence and Pathology of Various Conditions of Gastrointestinal Tract of Chicken (Gallus domesticus) in Jaipur City
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Date
2020
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Publisher
Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
Abstract
Chicken plays an important role in the socio – economic life of India. It is a
rich source of high-quality food such as eggs and meat as well as a source of income
and employment to the millions of rural farmers. Rajasthan state has around 80.24
lacs (0.7% of the total chicken populations of India) of poultry. The gastrointestinal
tract (GIT) performs important functions of digestion, assimilation and absorption of
food. Any abnormality in the functioning of GIT leads to a disturbance with
absorption and assimilation of nutrients resulting in a decrease in growth, decrease
in feed conversion ratio (FCR) and production losses, thereby severely affecting the
health status of chicken farming. The chicken’s digestive system and gut conditions
are responsible for digestion and absorption. The health of the chicken and the
nutrients consumed affect the pH level in the digestive system and influence the
growth of microbes. The pathological study of the gastrointestinal tract is very
important as the digestive system bear a major segment of the total burden of
diseases and considers as the most important cause of illness and death in many
poultry birds. Gastrointestinal tract disorder in poultry results in poor production of
the involved bird, so preservation of the health of these birds are the basic
requirement for conserving their productive output. Multiple studies conclude
poultry to suffer from digestive diseases significantly. Histopathological studies of
various pathological conditions involved in gastrointestinal tract diseases are very
essential as these affect the health and productivity of poultry. In this present
investigation, a total number of 970 samples of chicken suspected for abnormalities
were examined irrespective of age, sex and breed. Out of these 970 samples, 651
samples of gastrointestinal tract suspected for abnormalities were further processed
for histopathological examination. The overall occurrence of various pathological
conditions in the gastrointestinal tract of chickens were observed and classified.
Various forms of gastrointestinal tract affections were classified as congestion of
intestine (20%) which was found to be the highest followed by that of acute
catarrhal enteritis (15.4%), congestion in gizzard (6.6%), crop congestion (6.2%),
chronic catarrhal enteritis (5.8%), hemorrhage in intestine (5.5%), hamorrhagic
enteritis (4.93%), congestion in proventriculus (3.8%), necrotic enteritis (3.8%),
erosive ventriculitis (3.54%), foreign bodies in gizzard (3.33%), congestion in
oesophagus (3.1%), crop ingluvitis (2.5%), coccidiosis (2.5%), hemorrhage in
proventriculus (2.3%), foreign bodies in crop (2.2%), impaction in gizzard (2.01%),
oesophagitis (1.08%), fibrosis in tongue (0.46%), crop impaction (0.9%), ulcerative
proventriculitis (0.9%), proventriculus impaction (0.9%), hemorhage in caecum
(0.9%), congestion in tongue (0.15%), caecal coccidiosis (0.6%), typhlitis (0.6%).