MICROBIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS OF SHEEP AND GOATS WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON MYCOPLASMA
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Date
2019-07
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CSKHPKV, Palampur
Abstract
In this study, a total of 163 of 198 morbid samples (nasal and tracheal swabs, lung tissues and pleural fluid) from sheep and goats showing respiratory disease signs were positive for bacteria belonging to seven genera and ten species. Staphylococcus aureus (34.94%) was major bacteria followed by E. coli (21.50%). Other bacteria included Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. epidermidis etc. Nine (6.2%) samples also yielded growth resembling mollicutes which were confirmed by PCR. Out of 37, 83.8% S. aureus carried at least one virulence gene. The mecA was detected in 64.51% S. aureus followed by coa and lukPV in 14 (45.16%) and arcA in 12 (38.50%) isolates. Most S. aureus were sensitive to chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone and tetracycline. Penicillin was at least effective antibiotic. Out of 40, 55% isolates of E. coli carried at least one virulence gene. The eaeA, stx2 and UAL were detected in six, eleven and four E. coli isolates. Most E. coli were susceptible to chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin. MAR index > 0.2 was recorded for S. aureus (75.6%) and E. coli (10%). Trueperella pyogenes was detected in 10 and Histophilus somni in one nasal swab out 50 nasal swabs of goats. In total, 64 of 198 samples were positive for Mycoplasma spp. using generic-specific primers targeting 16S rRNA gene. Also, 12.5% samples detected positive both for M. mycoides cluster and
M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae, all of which emanated from an outbreak CCPP having case fatality of 45.07%. The 16S rRNA sequencing identified S. maltophilia, S. entericus and Enterococcus spp. These findings suggest that S. aureus is a major opportunistic pathogen of respiratory tract of sheep and goats harbouring many virulent and AMR genes with high MAR indices and MDR phenotype. This calls for rational usage of antibiotics in veterinary practice. Species-specific PCR should be first choice for diagnosis of CCPP, since MCCP is difficult to culture. Finally, the role of novel bacterial sequences recovered from respiratory tract of goats should be investigated in health and disease.
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