STUDIES ON CONSERVATION MACHINERY SYSTEM UNDER RICE-CHICKPEA CROPPING SYSTEM
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Date
2020
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Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur
Abstract
In a present era many improved implements are available for different tillage and seeding operation. It is very crucial to identifygood practice and suitable implements combination for desired seedbed preparation to maximise crop establishment and yield under rice-chickpea cropping system. To understand, this study was conducted on “studies on conservation machinery system under rice-chickpea cropping system” at Research cum Instructional Farm,IGKV, Raipur (Chhattisgarh) during Kharif-Rabiseason of year 2016 and 2017. The site of experiment having soil as clayey in texture, neutral in reaction, available Nis low, available P2O5is medium, and available K2Ois high. In this study two different experiments were conducted. In rice, different combination of tillage and sowing/planting treatments were tested for cultivation under dry and wet tillage system during kharif. In dry seeding of rice there were five tillage treatments and two methods of sowing whereas, in wet tillage, five tillage treatments were used in combination with mechanical transplanting method. In rabiseason, the chickpea was cultivated under residual of rice plots (dry and wet plots) with four different combination of tillage and seeding method. All the treatments alone or in combination were evaluated in terms of machine parameters and their effect on energy parameters, soil parameters, economic parameters and yield and yield attributing parameters.
The finding of the first experiment on the effect of various tillage and sowing practices for rice cultivation and their effect on soil physical properties showed that all the soil parameters, crop growth parameters such as height of plant, tillers numberper plant, yield attributes parameteri.e. length of panicle, weight of panicle, number of sound grains per panicle, test weight (g), yield of grain and straw, net return and B:C ratio were significantly higher in DT3 (cultivator x 2 + direct seeded rice DSR drill sowing). However, the above characters values were found lower and recorded under broadcasting followed by transplanted rice. The optimum desired seed bed for seeding rice was found under tillage treatment DT3 (cultivator x 2 + DSR drill sowing) and the optimum planting bed for transplanting rice was found under treatment WT2 (cultivator x 2 + rotavator x 1 + transplanting). Amongst the methods of establishment, the maximum grain yield was produced in dry tillage direct seeded rice treatment DT3, 57.5 quintalper ha and 50 quintalper haduring 2016 and 2017 respectively and the maximum value of benefit cost ratio was registered 2.65 on mean basis of two year in treatment DT3. The output energy, output-input energy ratio and energy productivity was found best in DT3 (cultivator x 2 + rotavator x 1+ DSR drill) amongst different treatments on the basis of mean data of two years. Based on practices being followed for chickpea cultivation, the best treatment for till condition was found to be DT1C (M.B. Plough x 1 + Cultivator x 2 + Rotavator x 2 + ridge and furrow sowing) followed by DT2C(Cultivator x 2 + Rotavator x 2 + conventional seed cum fertilzer drill sowing) whereas under no till condition, DT3C (No till + Zero till drill sowing)treatment followed by DT4C(No till+ happy seed drill sowing) proved be better based on energy, cost economics and crop parameters.The combination DT3(rice- cultivator x 2 + DSR drill sowing of rice) and DT1C(Chickpea- M.B. plough x 1 + cultivator x 2 + rotavator x 2 + ridge and furrow sowing in residual of dry sowing of rice) was found most effective combination in terms of total productivity of rice-chickpea cropping system under till condition than the other combination of different treatments of rice-chickpea tillage and sowing methods. The zero till drill sowing (DT3C) in chickpea and DT3(rice- cultivator x 2 + DSR drill sowing of rice)of rice recorded maximum benefit cost ratio, output-input energy ratio and energy productivity for chickpea production under no till condition. The decision support system software was created for the selection ofappropriate tractor or machines/implements of a particular size from different makes and model of commercially available tractors and machines/implements for the rice-chickpea cropping system. With a case study the validation of designed DSS software demonstrates its effectiveness in forecasting any conservation machinery system selection.
Description
STUDIES ON CONSERVATION MACHINERY SYSTEM UNDER RICE-CHICKPEA CROPPING SYSTEM