IMPACT OF POWER LOOM DYE’S EFFLUENT WATERS ON THE PROPERTIES OF SOIL, PLANT AND WATER IN NAGARI DIVISION OF CHITTOOR DISTRICT
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Date
2019
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Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out to know the impact of power loom dye’s effluent waters on the properties of soil, plant and water in Nagari Division of Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh. For this one hundred soil sample were collected at depth of 0-15 cm from farmers’ field where dyes effluent water was being used for irrigation from different villages viz; Chinthalapatteda, Kothapeta, Salvapateda, Satravada, Velavadi, Mangadu, Kothuru, Agraharam, Ekanbarakuppam, and Nagari villages in the division of Nagari of Chittor district of Andhra Pradesh. The textile effluent irrigated soil samples were analyzed for physico-chemical and chemical properties. Eight textile effluent samples were collected. These effluent samples were analyzed for physico-chemical and chemical properties. Fifty sugarcane leaves samples were collected from the farmer’s field where the soil was collected. These sugarcane leaves samples were analyzed for accumulation of micronutrients and heavy metals.
Out of 100 soil samples collected from study area, 28 (28 percent) soil samples were found to be strongly alkaline, while 51 (51 percent) soil samples were found to be moderately alkaline, while 12 (12 percent) soil samples were found to be slightly alkaline and 9 (9 percent) soil samples were found to be neutral in reaction respectively. The EC of textile effluent irrigated soil was mostly non saline in reaction. The organic carbon status of 56, 33 and 11 percent of soil samples were low, medium and high respectively. The
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available nitrogen in wastewater irrigated soil was low to medium. Among all soil samples treated with effluent released from power loom factories, 98 soil samples (98 percent) and 2 soil samples (2 percent) were high and low in available phosphorus of the soils. The status of potassium in 63, 31 and 6 textile effluent treated soil samples were high, medium and low respectively.
Among the hundred power loom wastewater irrigated soils of Nagari division, 71 soil samples (71 percent) and 29 soil samples (29 percent) were said to be above and below the critical limits in sodium content. The available calcium and magnesium in textile effluent irrigated soils were said to be above the critical limits.
The copper content in textile effluent irrigated soil was found to be sufficient in 98 soil samples and deficient in 2 soil samples. Similarly, 95 and 5 soil samples in manganese were found to be sufficient and deficient. Iron content in textile effluent irrigated soils was found to be sufficient in majority of the soil samples. Out of 100 soil samples collected from the study area 95 and 5 per cent soil samples were found to be sufficient and deficient.
The heavy metals such as lead, cadmium and nickel were found to be sufficient in majority of the soil samples collected from Nagari division except chromium, which exceeded the permissible limit. The mean concentration of heavy metals in the textile effluent irrigated soils were in the order of Pb > Ni > Cr > Cd.
Textile effluent samples were medium to high alkaline in nature , low to medium in EC. The BOD of the textile effluent was reported to be sufficient and deficient. The textile effluent samples were medium to high in nitrogen, low in phosphorus, medium to high in potassium. The Ca and Mg in textile effluent samples were found to be low to medium in content. Out of 8 textile effluent samples collected for sodium, about 5 (62.5 percent) samples were medium whereas, 3 (37.5 percent) samples were high. The micronutrients such as Cu and Mn were above the permissible limits in water samples except Fe, which falls within the permissible limits. The zinc level in contaminated water samples was observed to be sufficient and deficient. The heavy metals such as cadmium, chromium and nickel were above the standard limits in water samples collected from different location. The majority of soil samples were found to be within the permissible limits of copper.
The heavy metals such as Cr, Ni and Pb were found to be within the allowable limits except Cd, which exceeded the permissible limits in leaves of sugarcane crop. The micronutrients such as Mn and Zn were found to be within the permissible limits except Fe, which exceeded the permissible limits in leaves of sugarcane crop. Out of 50 sugarcane leaves samples analyzed for copper found that, 22 plant samples were below the permissible limits and 28 plant samples were above the permissible limits.
The lowest yield observed in sugarcane crop during 2018-19 was 50.46 t ha-1 in Kothapeta village whereas the highest yield recorded for the same
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year was 74.23 t ha-1 in Mangadu village. The lowest yield observed in sugarcane crop during 2017-18 was 54.26 t ha-1 in Kothapeta village whereas the highest yield recorded for the same year was 75.61 ton ha-1 in Agaharam village. The yield of sugarcane crop during 2017-18 was higher as compared to that of 2018-19. This might be due to irrigation of soils of different villages of Nagari mandal with the textile effluent water containing high heavy metal accumulation
Description
D5881
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