Optimization of fertilizer doses through soil test crop response studies for indian mustard in a mollisol of Uttarakhand
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Date
2020-10
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during the year 2019-20 at D7 plot of Norman E. Borlogue Crop Research Centre of The G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (290 N latitude and
79029’ E longitude), as per the technical programme of All India Coordinated Research Project on Soil Test
Crop Response Correlation. The experiment was conducted in two phases. In the first phase soil fertility gradient was developed by dividing experimental field into three strips and applying graded doses of fertilizers in them (Strip I (no fertilizer), Strip II ( recommended fertilizer doses) and Strip III ( double to that of recommended fertilizer doses) and growing of exhaust crop of Sorghum. In the second phase i.e. next season test crop Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) was grown by dividing each strip in 24 plots having 21 treatments and 3 controlled plots. Response var. Pant Rya-20 of selected combinations of three levels of FYM (0, 5 and 10 t ha-1), four levels of nitrogen (0, 90, 120 and 150 kg ha-1), four levels of phosphorus (0, 40, 60 and 80 kg P2O5 ha-1) and four levels of potassium (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg K2O ha-1) at different fertility levels of mustard were studied. The values of the Alkaline KMnO4 extractable N, Olsen’s P and neutral normal Ammonium Acetate extractable K in the experimental field ranged between 67.2 to 128.8 kg ha-1 , 33.75 to 101.95 kg ha- 1 and 108.86 to 292.88 kg ha-1, respectively. The total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of grain in experimental field ranged from 2.56 to 3.08, 0.56 to 0.91, 0.44 to 0.90 percent, respectively. The total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in stover ranged from 1.26 to 1.99, 0.04 to 0.37, 0.39 to 1.17 percent, respectively. The total N, P and K uptake of mustard ranged between 81.13 to 147.62, 11.41 to 72.36 and 29.15 to 76.61 kg ha-1, respectively. In the present investigation the total grain yield ranged from 8.67 to 17.78 q ha-1 and total stover yield from 30.78 to 70.66 q ha-1.The percent protein content and oil content of experimental field ranged from 18.3 to 30.09 and 18.98 to 42.09, respectively. The nutrient requirement for production of one quintal of grain yield of mustard was found to be 8.03 kg nitrogen, 1.29 kg phosphorus and 3.49 kg potassium. Percent contribution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was 113.6, 26.8 and 22.9, respectively, from soil, whereas from other sources as FYM was 26.8, 36.4 and 7.4 percent, respectively. Percent contribution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium without FYM was 15.0, 24.7 and 55.7, respectively and with conjoint use of chemical fertilizer with FYM was 15.1, 28.2 and 60.8 percent, respectively. Fertilizer prescription equations developed with the help of basic data with FYM were FN = 52.96 T – 7.49 SN – 1.77ON, FP2O5 =10.54T – 2.18 SP – 2.95 OP, FK2O = 6.93T – 0.46 SK – 0.12 OK and without FYM were FN = 53.24 T –7.53 SN, FP2O5 = 12.00 T – 2.48 SP, FK2O = 7.58 T – 0.49 SK. Coefficient of quadratic multiple regression (R2) was found good fitted (0.579**) between total grain yield, soil test values, added fertilizers and interaction between soil and fertilizer. Maximum response to mustard obtained at 120 kg N, 40 kg P2O5 and 20 kg K2O ha-1. The grain yield of mustard was significantly correlated with applied N (0.477**), P (0.558**) and K (0.397**) and with the uptake of nitrogen (0.348**), phosphorus (0.307**) and potassium (0.493**). There is no consistent trend on protein and oil content by application of fertilizer. Findings from present study can successfully utilized for the larger parts of Tarai region of Uttarakhand as effective guide for efficient and balanced fertilizer recommendation to mustard.