REVERSAL OF CADMIUM AND SODIUM FLUORIDE INDUCED OXIDATIVE INSULT IN VITRO IN ERYTHROCYTES BY RUTIN
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2017-02
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA
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ABSTRACT :
The heavy metal Cadmium is an environmental pollutant due to its widespread use in many industries. Fluoride is a known global groundwater contaminant. The adverse effects produced by cadmium and fluoride alone in humans and animals are documented, but very little is known about the consequences of their coexposure. Present study evaluated whether their simultaneous exposure can induce oxidative stress and affect antioxidative systems and enzymes in erythrocytes of sheep or not. 10 % v/v sheep RBC hemolysate in PBS was prepared and exposed to 10μM, 30μM, 100μM of cadmium chloride and 1μM, 3μM, 10μM of sodium fluoride alone and same concentrations of both are coexposed for 24 hours. EC50 values of Ascorbic acid and rutin for total antioxidant potential were calculated based on phosphomolybdate assay, EC50 values of ascorbic acid and rutin were 296 and 300 μg/ml, respectively. The ameliorative effect of ascorbic acid and rutin were assessed with treatment of toxic groups. At term, the impact of their exposure alone and in combination was assessed by evaluating lipid peroxidation (LPO), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), levels of glutathione (GSH) and % hemolysis in blood. LPO was increased significantly (P<0.05) with cadmium and fluoride, but not with the coexposure with all of the treatments, whereas GSH was decreased significantly (P>0.05) with all the treatments. cadmium and fluoride increased significantly (P<0.05) SOD activities. Overall, the effects of coexposure were not appreciably different from either of the agents, except on GSH. Treatment with ascorbic and rutin significantly (p<0.05) ameliorated toxic effects of CdCl2 and NaF individually and their combination effect by restoring biochemical changes to normal. The results do reflect specific type of interaction (additive and antagonism) between these agents in sheep erythrocytes and is parameter specific, and do indicate that the coexposure induces a low level of oxidative stress, which is significantly countered by rutin as indicated in the present study.
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