OPTIMUM ALLOCATION OF SURFACE AND GROUND WATER RESOURCES OF APPAPURAM CHANNEL COMMAND IN KRISHNA WESTERN DELTA
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Date
2017
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Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University
Abstract
The sustainability of water resources is a critical issue against the backdrop of
rising water demand for agricultural, industrial and domestic uses as the world needs
about 60% more food (FAO, 2013) to feed the 9.5 billion people in 2050 (United
Nations, 2012). The issue has become more challenging in the light of shrinking water
resources due to urbanization, contamination, and climate change impacts.
The Central Ground Water Board strongly emphasized and recommended
conjunctive use of surface water and ground water should be followed not only to meet
the requirements of tail-end areas but also to reduce the water logging and salinity
problems. Appapuram channel (commands about 10,000 ha and is of 43.186 km
length) is a Commamuru canal in Krishna Western Delta (KWD), flowing through
agricultural fields of Chebrolu, Vatticherukuru and Kakumanu mandals of Guntur
district is found to be appropriate as per its representative scope for conjunctive use
planning. Hence this research study, titled “Optimum Allocation of Surface and Ground
Water Resources of Appapuram Channel in Krishna Western Delta” is proposed on a
pilot scale to fulfill the following objectives. i) To assess the surface water quality and
quantity available in Appapuram channel command. ii) To estimate the ground water
resources quality and quantity available in the channel command. iii) To estimate the
irrigation water requirements of existing and other high value crops in the channel
command using Aqua Crop model. iv) To optimize the use of surface and ground water
resources using LINGO and other models to maximize the profit in the channel
command. v) To study the institutional management and capacity building aspects for
the successful implementation of identified conjunctive use planning.
The command area of Appapuram channel, which branches form Commamuru
branch canal (Krishna Western main canal) near Sangam Jagarlamudi lock is selected
as the study area. It spreads over 10000 ha and is on an average 6 m above the mean sea
level. Interaction meetings and interviews with the farmers, WUA members were
conducted to collect the information regarding the cropping pattern, canal supplies,
demand and short falls. Field visits were made to study the actual cropping pattern
existing in the command.
Though the crops like paddy, cotton, maize, chillies, black gram, and green
gram and sugarcane are commonly grown in the area, for the past three years, farmers
were growing paddy, in kharif and maize, blackgram in rabi seasons respectively. The
model CROPWAT was run to calculate the effective rainfall which is an important
parameter for calculating crop irrigation requirement. The canal water release data for
10 years (2005-2015) were collected from Water Resources Department at Bapatla in
AP and analyzed for further investigation. The details of crops grown in the command,
climate, soil data etc. collected are used to assess the net irrigation requirement in the
distributary using Aqua Crop 4.0 Model. ‘LINGO’ model is chosen for the study for
optimized allocation of to maximize the net profit. To summaries the results,
For branche no.1,2,8 & 9, there is no feasibility of conjunctive use planning at
present in view of saline ground water. For branch no. 3, 4, 5, 6,7 & 8 the profit could
be increased when 40% and 50% additional ground water is pumped from the
commands. Though different crops tried, the model allocated more area for chillies
followed by rice and cotton in view of their high value and profit contribution. For
branch No.1 of Appapuram canal, if 100% and 90% of surface water alone is utilized, a
profit of Rs. 59.35lakh and Rs.53.41 lakh respectively could be obtained. For branch
No. 2 of the canal, if 100% surface water alone is used, a maximum profit of Rs. 175.54
lakh rupees could be obtained. For branch No.3 if 100% surface water, 100% surface
water+ 20% Ground Water, 100% surface water+ 30% Ground water, 100% surface
water+ 40% 100% surface water+ 50% are utilized, a profit of Rs. 125.87 Rs.169.46,
191.25 and 213.05 lakh could be obtained respectively. For branch No.4, if 100%
surface water, 100% surface water+ 20% Ground Water, 100% surface water+ 30%
Ground water, 100% surface water+ 40% 100% surface water+ 50% are utilized a profit
of Rs. 37.37, 50.02, 56.77, 63.23 and 69.71 lakh could be obtained respectively.
For branch No.5, if 100% surface water, 100% surface water+ 20% Ground
Water, 100% surface water+ 30% Ground water, 100% surface water+ 40% 100%
surface water+ 50% are utilized a profit of Rs. 106.37, 143.20, 161.60, 180.02, and
198.43 lakh respectively could be obtained respectively. For branch No.6, if 100%
surface water, 100% surface water+ 20% Ground Water, 100% surface water+ 30%
Ground water, 100% surface water+ 40% 100% surface water+ 50% are utilized a profit
of Rs. 130.45, 175.64, 198.22, 220.79, and 243.38lakh respectively could be obtained
respectively.
For branch No.7, if 100% surface water, 100% surface water+ 20% Ground
Water, 100% surface water+ 30% Ground water, 100% surface water+ 40% 100%
surface water+ 50% are utilized a profit of Rs. 18.925, 34.32, 48.577 and 62.17 lakh
respectively could be obtained respectively. For branch No.8 if 100% of surface water
alone is utilized, a profit of Rs. 35.355lakh respectively could be obtained. For branch
No.9, if 100% of surface water alone is utilized, a profit of Rs. 29.47 lakh respectively
could be obtained.
As per the survey conducted in the entire command, it lacks the involvement of
institutes particularly in conjunctive use of surface and ground water resources. There is
lot of gap and capacity building is highly essential for the line departments and farmers
in formulating and for the successful implementation of the conjunctive use plans.
From the above study, it could be concluded that an additional benefit of Rs. 5000-
8000/-/per ha could be foreseen if conjunctive use plans of surface and ground water are
implemented in the command.
Description
D5472
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