STUDIES ON POLLEN COMPETITION IN PARENTS, F,'S DERIVED FROM POLLEN MIXTURES AND HYBRID BLENDS FOR SEED CHARACTERS AND YIELD IN SUNFLOWER [Helianthus annuus.]
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Date
1997
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UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, DHARWAD
Abstract
The study was carried out in sunflower with three male sterile lines (CMS), three respective maintainer lines and ten restorer lines at Regional Research Station, Rai- chur, during the period from 1994 to 1996, to derive information on effect of pollen and its competitive influence at gametophytic and sporophytic phases; and the practical utility of hybrids derived from pollen mixtures and hybrid blends. In the study of thirty F0and F,hybrids, the pollen parents R X 13, R 857, R 6D-1, RLC 2Br and RHA 274 were in general, had positive influence on most of the seed characters in F0 generation. The ratio of gca: sea variances showed that all the seed characters in F0generation are governed by non-additive gene action. The ovule parent CMS DSF 15 was good general combiner for all the characters except volume weight. Among pollen parents R X 13 was the best general combiner for oil content and hull percent, while R 6D- 1, R 857, RLC 2Br and RIV 83 had highest general combining ability for 1000 seed weight, seed density, volume weight and K/H ratio respectively. The specific combining ability studies showed that the CMS 4546 x R 6D-1 was best for 1000 seed weight, CMS 234 x R IV 83 for oil content, CMS DSF 15 x R X 13 for seed density, CMS DSF 15 x R 6D-1 for volume weight, CMS DSF 15 x RLC 2Br for K/H ratio and CMS 234 x RHA 274 for hull percent. Histological studies on seventh day after pollination showed increase in cell size in f0 of crosses compared to their respective maintainer lines, although the number of cells were same. On 21st day after pollination, the crosses had longer and broader cotyledons compared to their maintainer lines. The hull content of F0 seed (Metaxenia) in the ovule parent CMS 234 was significantly influenced by the pollen parents R 8297, R 857, RLC 2Br, R 6D-1, R V 34 and R VI 78, while the other two ovule parents were influenced by RHA 274. All the seed characters in F0 and F. generation showed positive and significant correlation. In the study of pollen competition, three parents R X 13, R IV 83 and R 857 were highly competitive with high pollen germination and quick tube growth at gametophytic level and also showed high fertility in hybrids. In the study of pollen mixed hybrids, they were found better for all the seed characters, when compared with component hybrids. Two pollen mixture hybrids were found to be better than three or four pollen mixture hybrids and the hybrid 'AB' (CMS DSF 15 x R 857 + R X 13) was the best with 20 per cent superiorty over expected yield. The study of hybrid blends revealed superiority of blends over the component hybrids for most of the seed characters. Two component hybrid mixtures were good and among them 'ah' (CMS DSF 15 x R 857 + CMS DSF 15 x R X 13) was the best, yielding 32 per cent more than the expected. Although pollen mixture hybrids gave slightly less yield compared to respective hybrid blends, their plus point is that they can be produced easily with less cost.
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