IMPACT OF IRRIGATION WATER SHORTAGE ON INCOME, EMPLOYMENT AND FOOD SECURITY OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS IN TUNGABHADRA COMMAND AREA OF KARNATAKA-AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
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Date
2018-08-01
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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore
Abstract
The study examined the impact of irrigation water shortage on income, employment and food security of farm households in Tungabhadra command area of Karnataka. Based on the extent of net irrigated area under canal, Gangavathi taluk of Koppal district was selected for the study. A total of 120 households, 40 each from different water access regimes (head reach, mid reach and tail-end reach) were selected and the required field data pertaining to the year 2016-17 was collected through personal interview. The secondary data was collected from various institutions and published sources. The data was analysed using compound growth rates, Markov chain technique, cost and return concepts, Gini co-efficient index, nutritional security ratio and descriptive statistics. Results revealed that, the area under paddy crop is decreasing over the years mainly due to water shortage. In Gangavathi taluk, the annual household income of head reach farmers before and after water shortage was ` 6,35,293 and ` 5,59,970, respectively. Whereas, in tail-end reach, the annual household income before and after water shortage was ` 5,66,263 and ` 4,19,895, respectively. The annual household employment in all the three regimes was affected due to irrigation water deficits but it was more significant in middle-reach regime. Bore wells and ponds acted as a supplementary source of irrigation in periods of water shortages. Tail-end reach farmers (66 %) were vulnerable to food insecurity than that of middle (65 %) and head-reach (53 %) farm households measured in terms of proportion of food consumption expenditure.