Development of biofortified oyster mushroom (Pleurotus spp.) using Zinc Sulphate nanoparticle
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Date
2021-11
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
Pleurotus spp. commonly known as oyster mushroom in english and Dhingri in hindi, is one of the most important edible mushrooms cultivated in all around the world and is rich in nutritional as well as medicinal properties. Zinc is an essential trace element next to iron and its deficiency can lead to growth retardation, loss of appetite, and impaired immune function. Since the human body does not store excess zinc, it must be consumed regularly as part of the diet. Biofortification of food crops for increasing the zinc content and its bio-availability is one of the potential alternatives for combating zinc deficiency. The present study pertains to the development of zinc bio-fortified Pleurotus spp. (P. sajor-caju, P. florida and P. flabellatus) using zinc sulphate nanoparticles (ZnSO4 NPs). Zinc sulphate nanoparticles was sprayed at different concentrations (10 ppm, 20 ppm, 30 ppm and 40 ppm) after complete spawn run and nutritional and antioxidant properties of the fruiting bodies were analysed. The maximum mycelial radial growth and growth rate per day (mm) was obtained in all the tested species of Pleurotus at 10 ppm concentration of ZnSO4 NPs. Moreover, there was maximum increase in the growth parameters (pileus width, stipe length and stipe width), total yield and biological efficiency was obtained at10 ppm concentration of ZnSO4 NPs of as compared to the control. The highest increase in zinc content was obtained in 40 ppm concentration of ZnSO4 NPs i.e., 115.63% in P. sajor-caju followed by P. flabellatus (113.58%) and P. florida (106.35%). Similarly, at 40 ppm concentration of ZnSO4 NPs the phenol and flavonoid content was also found maximum. Whereas, the highest sodium and potassium content was bioaccumulated at 10 ppm concentration. The nutritional status of Pleurotus spp., measured in terms of crude protein, total ash and total soluble sugars, was found highest at 10 ppm concentration. The maximum increase in DPPH, ABTS and FRAP radical scavenging activity was observed at 10 ppm concentration of zinc sulphate nanoparticle. In case of, DPPH radical scavenging activity the highest increase was observed in P. sajor-caju followed by P. flabellatus and P. florida. Whereas, in case of ABTS radical scavenging activity the highest increase was obtained in P. sajor-caju followed by P. florida and P. flabellatus. Furthermore, in case of FRAP radical scavenging activity the highest increase was obtained in P. flabellatus followed by P. sajor-caju and P. florida. Therefore, Pleurotus spp. when biofortified with zinc sulphate nanoparticle at 10 ppm concentration has positive effect on the mycelial growth, biological efficiency, growth parameters, bioaccumulation of micronutrients, nutritional as well as antioxidant activities of Pleurotus spp. Thus, 10 ppm ZnSO4 NPs can be used for getting maximum yield of oyster mushroom and to combat zinc deficiency.