DEVELOPMENT OF FEASIBLE TECHNIQUES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF Caryedon serratus (Olivier) IN GROUNDNUT
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Date
2018
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Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University
Abstract
The experiments on “Development of feasible techniques for the management of groundnut bruchid, Caryedon serratus (Olivier)” were conducted in the laboratory of Entomology at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nandyal, Kurnool District, Andhra Pradesh and laboratory of Entomology, Institute of Frontier Technology at Regional Agricultural research station, Tirupati, Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh during 2014-15 & 2015-16.
Studies on survey on infestation level in farmers houses, oil mills and godowns of four districts of Rayalaseema region of A.P, phenotypic and genotypic studies of collected population of Caryedon spp, screening of groundnut genotypes / varieties for resistance/susceptibility to the bruchid, role of bins and bags; safer and indigenous chemicals; nanoscale ZnO, chitosan with encapsulated Azadirachtin and NSKE in effective management of groundnut bruchid.
When, 2014-15 and 2015-16 surveys are compared, relatively higher mean groundnut pod damage due to Caryedon spp was recorded during 2014-15 (Maximum of 14.10%). Whereas in 2015-16, the maximum of mean per cent pod damage 11.08 was obtained. When different survey months are considered, maximum mean pod damage of 17.40% was recorded during March, 2015 (when 2014-15 survey is considered). Whereas, with respect to 2015-16 survey, the highest of 14.10% damage was recorded during May, 2016. The damage levels were higher during hotter months i.e., March to July in both the survey periods. The higher percentages of pod damage were recorded in oil mills whereas lowest percentages damage were recorded in cold storage unit.
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The highest percent pod damage of 57.80 was recorded during March 2015 at M/s. Lakshmi Narasimha oil mill, Kadapa. More than 10 per cent pod damage was recorded in all four districts and hence, groundnut bruchid, Caryedon serratus can be declared as problematic pest for stored groundnut in all the four Rayalaseema districts.
The Caryedon spp populations collected from surveyed locations were subjected to phenotypic studies by using the taxonomic keys and identified as Caryedon serratus. The specimens collected from surveyed locations were also submitted to Insect Identification Service, Division of Entomology, IARI, New Delhi and the results also proved that single species that is Caryedon serratus. The molecular characterization of Caryedon spp populations collected from 24 locations of Rayalaseema region were carried out by using 6 primers. With two primers (CB1/CB2 and CIL/CIU), it was confirmed as C. serratus.
By screening of 52 genotypes/ varieties against groundnut bruchid, K1677, K2075 and Dharani were categorized as least susceptible while the genotypes / varieties K1501, K1800, K1802, K1811, K1813, K1847, K2074, TCGS1073 and TCGS1330 were categorized as highly susceptible based on the ovipositional preference, adult emergence, per cent pod damage (both by count and weight) and weight loss.
Among the 12 different bins and bags evaluated against groundnut bruchid, magic cover, triple layered polythene bag and plastic bin were proved as effective barriers. Aluminium and steel bins were also recorded lower damages to the produce. Highest oviposition, adult emergence and pod damage were noticed in cloth bag and earthen pot. Among the safer and indigenous chemicals (common salt, boric acid, fly ash, spinosad, malathion deltamethrin, Azadirachtin 1000 ppm and Azadirachtin 3000 ppm) tested, spinosad @ 1 ml kg-1 pods was highly effective against C. serratus followed by Azadirachtin 3000 ppm @ 5 ml kg-1 pods and Azadirachtin 1000 ppm @ 5 ml kg-1 pods.
Testing the nanoscale ZnO and chitosan encapsulated with Azadirachtin and NSKE, revealed lowest per cent pod damage (3.82) in nanoscale chitosan encapsulated NSKE @ 1% in 5 ml kg-1 pods followed by nanoscale ZnO encapsulated NSKE (5.21%) @ 0.1% in 5 ml kg-1 pods untreated control treatment recorded 49.33 per cent mean pod damage.
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D5672
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