MANAGEMENT OF WILT AND ROOT ROTS OF COTTON WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BIO FUNGICIDES
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Date
2002
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University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad
Abstract
Survey was revealed that wilt caused by Fusarium solani up to 20 per
cent followed by Rhizoctonia solani and Rhizoctoina bataticola up to six percent
and Sclerotium rolfsii was negligible. Among nine isolates of F. solani, the Raichur
isolate was more virulent.Among twelve cultures of Trichoderma and two cultures
of Gliocladium virens against all four pathogens. T. harzianum of Dharwad isolate
was the best and G. virens of TNAU was the best. In growth period studies, T.
harzianum reached its peak on 12th day and maltose and dextrose were best to
support the growth. Transparent polythene bag was superior. Among substrates
wheat bran was superior. In seed treatments, @ 8g/kg of seed and among soil
applications, three percent was superior. In the combination, seed treatment @ 8g/
kg with 1% soil applicaiton was superior.
Among agro chemicals tested for both T. harzianum and pathogens, the
fungicides, carbendazim and benomyl were inhibitory to T. harzianum. Benomyl
and carbendaizim were excellent to control F. solani. Similarly, benomyl, methoxy
ethyl mercury chloride (MEMC), carboxin, thiram and MEMC were superior to
control R. solani and R. bataticola respectively. For S. rolfsii, carboxin was the
best. Among insecticides, chlorpyriphos was inhibitory to T. harzianum followed
by imidachloprid. Endosulfan was least inhibitory. Carbofuran, phorate and
endosulfan were less effective to pathogens. Among herbicides, alachlor was more
deletorius than paraquat. Diuron was effective against all four pathogens. Among
organic amendments neem cake was superior in suppressing the growth of all four
pathogens. In storage studies, increase in temperature lowered cfu and at 0°C it was
maximum and wheat bran was the best and can be stored upto five months. Culture
filtrates of all twelve Trichoderma and two G. virens on seed germination of Jayadhar
and Abhadita with delinted and fuzzed seeds revealed that delinted seeds had better
germination and culture filtrates enhanced seed germination.
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No . of references 365