Assessment of genetic diversity for yield, fibre and seed quality traits in desi cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.)
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Date
2023-07
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CCSHAU, Hisar
Abstract
The present investigation was conducted at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during kharif 2022 to evaluate genetic diversity among 50 genotypes of desi cotton based on 23 yield contributing, fibre and seed quality traits along with eight qualitative traits for morphological characterization. Variation among genotypes were found for leaf shape, leaf pubescence, leaf nectaries, petal colour, petal spot, boll shape and boll opening except pollen colour. Analysis of variance revealed presence of variability for all the traits among the genotypes except uniformity index. The GCV and PCV values were high for number of monopods/plant, seed cotton yield, lint yield, gossypol, sugar and phosphorous content. Additive gene action was dominant for the traits viz., number of monopods/plant, number of sympods/plant, boll weight, seed index, lint index, number of bolls/plant, seed cotton yield, lint yield, gossypol, sugar, crude fibre, crude protein, oil, phosphorous, sodium and potassium content as high heritability coupled with high genetic advance was reported for these traits. Correlation studies showed that seed cotton yield/plant was significantly and positively correlated with plant height, number of monopods/plant, number of sympods/plant, number of bolls/plant, boll weight, lint yield, lint index, ginning outturn and fibre fineness. Path analysis revealed that maximum direct effect on seed cotton yield was by lint yield followed by lint index, boll weight and number of bolls/plant. Genetic diversity analysis showed the presence of substantial genetic divergence. All 50 genotypes were grouped into three main clusters. The maximum inter-cluster distance was observed between Cluster II and III. Potassium content showed highest contribution towards divergence followed by oil, ginning outturn, sugar, lint yield, crude protein content. On the basis of mean performance; the genotypes HD 637, HD 640, HD 639 and HD 629 (high seed cotton yield), P 536 and P 410 (good fibre quality), HD 639 and HD 627 (high oil, crude fibre and crude protein) and DA-4/02 (lowest gossypol and highest crude fibre) were found promising. Hence, these genotypes can be utilized in breeding programmes for yield, fibre and seed quality improvement. Hence, evaluation of yield contributing, fibre and seed quality traits based on genetic diversity was helpful in identifying promising genotypes that can be utilized in future cotton breeding programmes.