Chemo profiling and biological activities of Solanum virginianum (L.)
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Date
2022-08
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, District Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand. PIN - 263145
Abstract
Phytochemistry and biological activity of S. virginianum roots, leaves, ripe and unripe d e t c a r t x e s a w l a i r e t a m t n a l P . d e i d u t s s a w d n a h k a r a t t U , l a t i n i a N ; t c i r t s i d , h g a b a t o K m o r f t i u r fs uccessively with three different solvents viz, hexane, chloroform, and methanolic extracts by using the Soxhlet method. The highest percent yield was found in methanolic extract of S. virginianum, followed by hexane and chloroform extracts. S. virginianum Methanolic leaf extract found maximum total phenolic content. Highest DPPH radical scavenging activity was demonstrated by SVLM extract (IC50=98.28±18.79μmole/g). In the FRAP assay, maximum reduction potential was shown by S. virginianum hexane leaf extract (IC50=1.43±0.005μmole/g). S. virginianum chloroform leaf extract showed the best inhibition in the hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (IC50=240.1±2.6μmole/g) and maximum metal chelating scavenging activity (IC50=54.58±2.14μmole/g). In the case of anti-inflammatory activity, maximum inhibition was shown by S. virginianum Methanolic leaf extract (IC50=38.63±1.9μmole/g). In antidiabetic activity, S. virginianum Methanolic leaf extract revealed the maximum inhibition activity against alpha-amylase activity (IC50=151±8.9μmole/g). Antimicrobial activity, against gram positive bacteria S. virginianum Methanolic leaf extract showed maximum activity against S. aureus while, S. virginianum chloroform root extract showed maximum activity against B. subtilis. Against gram negative bacteria S. virginianum Methanolic root extract showed maximum inhibition zone against, E.coli while, S. virginianum Methanolic leaf extract showed maximum activity against S. typhi. By using GC-MS, phytoconstituents were examined for extracts with the highest levels of biological activity. The major component in S. virginianum Methanolic leaf extract identified were: capric acid (42.49%), guanosine (16.40%), 5-methyl-2-pyrimidone (7.11%), alpha-linolenic acid (3.76), phthalic acid (3.48%), n-pentadecanoic acid methyl ester (3.13%) and Hexadecyl trifluroacetate (2.06%). In S. virginianum Methanolic root extract major components were identified as guanosine (19.23%), linolenic acid (9.63%), methyl stearate (4.98%), phthalic acid (4.86%), capric acid (4.6%), gamma-Sitosterol (4.14%) and succinimide (3.44%). The major component in S. virginianum Methanolic unripe fruit extract were identified2-ethylhexyl butyrate (54.92%), followed by guanosine (10.48%), 2-(tert- butyl)-4-methoxylphenyl acetate (6.37%), methyl linole (5.38%). According to the results obtained S. virginianum plants is a good source of phytochemicals that can be utilised as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, and other therapeutic agents in future.