Ultrasonographic and Echo biometric evaluation of canine renal dysfunction.
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Date
2022-12-23
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CSK HPKV, Palampur
Abstract
The study was conducted on all the canine clinical cases referred to the Department of
Surgery and Radiology, DGCNCOVAS, CSKHPKV, Palampur. The main aim of the study
was to assess the sonographic parameters and echo-biometry of renal dysfunctions in dogs. A
total of 100 client-owned canine patients were the subject of the study. the ultrasonographic
examination included both greyscale as well as doppler ultrasonography to facilitate diagnosis,
prognosis, and therapeutic protocols.
As the serum creatinine levels increase, there was evidence of an increase in renal
cortical echogenicity. There were alterations in renal size concerning various renal
dysfunctions. Since both these renal parameters depict irreversible changes, further grading of
various dysfunctions like AKI and CKD was also carried out. Significant reduction in renal
length was observed in conditions like ESRD and CKD. Contrariwise, a significant increase in
renal length was observed in the case of AKI. Pyelectasia was also found to be an important
sonographic finding, therefore can be explored while staging chronic kidney disease into grades
III and IV. Detection of renal echogenicity was found to be difficult in ESRD, the sonographic
topography of great vessels helped in locating almost isoechoic undifferentiated and damaged
renal entities. Doppler examination revealed increased vascular resistance in most of the renal
dysfunctions. Colour doppler is a very good indicator of the renal vasculature. Renal vascular
resistance (RI and PI) was found to be significantly increased in diffuse renal parenchymal
abnormalities like AKI, CKD and ESRD. Sonography was found to be a sensitive diagnostic
modality used for detecting nephrolithiasis even in asymptomatic dogs (73%) that did not
exhibit any pain thus aiding to institute corrective and preventive management.