Estimation of yield losses due to major diseases in improved varieties of rapeseed-mustard
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Date
2013-06
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
The Oilseed Brassica crops are the most important rabi crops of the country. The production of oilseed brassicas, is gravely hampered by the fungal diseases. Downy mildew (Hyaloperonospora parasitica), Alternaria blight (Alternaria brassicae (Berk) Sacc.), White rust (Albugo candida (Pers. Ex. Lev.) Kuntze) are the major diseases which can cause major yield losses in Rapeseed-Mustard. The present investigations were therefore carried out with the objectives to estimate of yield losses due to major diseases in improved varieties of Rapeseed Mustard and to search for the most economical and effective way to reduce the losses in seed yield of improved varieties. Field experiment regarding above objective was conducted for consecutive two crop season during 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 at the NEB Crop Research Centre, G.B Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar situated in Tarai region of Uttarakhand. The experiment was conducted in RBD in split plot arrangement with three replications. Nine different improved varieties each of Toria (Brassica rapa var. toria), Yellow sarson (Brassica rapa var. yellowsarson) and Rai (Brassica juncea) were used as main plots, while protected and unprotected treatments were considered in sub-plots seperately. All the varieties of Toria, Yellow sarson and Rai were found susceptible to Downy mildew at cotyledon stage. DM index was found maximum in variety PTE-2008-6 (12.97 %), PYS-2008-5 (12.70 %) and NDRE-4 (12.01 %) of Toria, Yellow sarso and Rai respectively. All the varieties of Toria and Yellow sarso were found resistant to White rust disease. In case of Rai, varieties PR-2006-14 and NDRE-4 found susceptible to white rust while varieties PRB-2008-5, PRE-2009-12, and PRB-2004-3-4 found slightly tolerant to White rust disease. All the varieties of Toria, Yellow sarso and Rai found susceptible to Alternaria blight disease except Divya which was found slightly tolerant to the disease Maximum yield (qha-1) was found in variety PT 2006-02, PPS-1, and Divya of Toria, Yellow sarso and Rai respectively during 2011-12 and 2012-13. Yield loss (%) ranges from 9.62 % to 32 % in Toria, 9.94 to 23.37 % in Yellow sarso and 3.16 to 31.87 % in Mustard.In Toria, yield loss was found maximum in variety Uttara (14.38%) followed by PTE-2008-2 (13.47%) and PT-2006-2 (13.26%) during 2011-12. During 2012-13 maximum yield loss was found in variety PTE-2008-2 (30.64%) followed by PT-2006-4 (26.54%). In Yellow sarso, yield loss was found maximum in variety FTPYS-Local (23.37%) and (21.43%) during 2011-12 and 2012-13 respectively. In Rai, yield loss was found maximum in variety PRB-2004-3-4 (25.10%) and (25.83%) during 2011-12 and 2012-13 respectively. On the basis of present investigation it can be concluded that seed treatment with Apron SD @ 6g/Kg and 5-6 alternate sprays of Ridomil MZ and Mancozeb is found most economical and highly effective for the management of White rust, Downy mildew and Alternaria blight diseases to the extent of 30 % which ultimately reduces the yield loss at greater extent in all the varieties of Toria, Yellow Sarso and Rai.
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