STUDIES ON WILT COMPLEX OF BETELVINE (Piper betle Linn.)
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Date
2003
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University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad
Abstract
A survey on the occurrence of root-knot disease in Haveri, Koppal and Bagalkot districts revealed 0.0 to 86.7 per cent root knot disease incidence. The present survey also indicated the association of Meloidogyne spp. with fungi, namely, Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia bataticola and Fusarium solani in most of the locations surveyed, with a high frequency of occurrence of both the groups of these pathogens (nematode and either of the three fungi) from soil and root samples collected from Haveri district. Meloidogyne spp. were found to be the most predominant nematode pathogen associated with betelvine as revealed by a community analysis of plant parasitic nematodes. On the basis of perineal patterns, prevailing root-knot nematode was identified as M. incognita. Pathogenicity tests confirmed that M. incognita, S. rolfsii, R. bataticola and F. solani were pathogenic to betelvine. The effect of the simultaneous inoculations of M. incognita with either S. rolfsii or R. bataticola or F. solani on growth of betelvine cv. Ambadi was additive in nature. However, when M. incognita was inoculated with all the three fungi, the resultant effect was more than simple additive effect. Individually, S. rolfsii was the most aggressive pathogen followed by R. bataticola, F. solani and M. incognita. Occurrence of M. incognita in combination with S. rolfsii, R. bataticola and F. solani, not only increased the severity of disease but also shortened the incubation period for disease expression. A reduction in root-knot index and final nematode population was observed in various combinations of nematode and fungi inoculations. In an integrated management study conducted in a naturally affected betelvine garden, it was found that a combined application of an organic amendment (Enriched farmyard manure) with a biocontrol agent (Trichoderma viride) and chemicals (Carbofuran, Carboxin and Carbendazim) was found to be efficaceous in reducing the wilt-complex incidence, nematode population, number of galls and Competitive Saprophytic Ability of S. rolfsii and R. bataticola.
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No . of references 133