Studies on Heterosis and Wilt Resistance in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.).
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Date
2016-09-07
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College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat
Abstract
The present investigation was conducted during Rabi, 2015-2016 at Vegetable Experimental Farm, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh with 8 selected brinjal parental lines namely Swarna Pratibha, NDB-3, Pant Rituraj, Pusa Purple Long, BR-112, CHFB-6, CHFB-7 and Solanum gilo that were crossed in all possible combinations in diallel technique excluding reciprocals [n(n-1)/2]. The resultant 28 F1 hybrids and 8 parents were studied for thirteen characters viz., plant height, number of branches per plant, days to first flowering, days to first fruit harvest, fruit length, fruit girth, fruit yield per plant, fruit yield tones per hacter, number of seeds per fruit, resistance against wilt, solasodine content, total phenol content and anthocyanin content. Data were analyzed statistically for analysis of variance, combining ability, heterosis and gene action. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among treatments and hybrids for all the characters.
Significant variances were observed for general as well as specific combining ability for all the thirteen traits implies that the both additive and non-additive components of heritable variance are responsible for variation. The ratio of GCA variance (σ2 GCA) to SCA variance (σ2 SCA) was lower than unity for all the traits indicating preponderance of non-additive gene action for all traits. Based on GCA effects parents CHFB-6, NDB-3 and BR-112 for earliness; Swarna Pratibha and CHFB-6 for fruits yield; CHFB-6 for anthocyanin and BR-112 for total phenol & solasodine content and CHFB-6 for earliness and fruit yield, Swarna Pratibha, Solanum gilo and Pant Rituraj for wilt resistance. On the basis of SCA effects, crosses Pant Rituraj x CHFB-6,, Pant Rituraj x CHFB-6, Pant Rituraj x CHFB-7, Swarna Pratibha x NDB-3 and Swarna Pratibha x Pusa Purple Long were the most promising for improvement of most of traits including fruit yield and quality.
Heterosis studies indicated that heterosis for yield per plant ranged from -28.46 % to 108.88 % over better parent and from -38.75% to 97.92 % over standard variety, Pant Rituraj. The crosses CHFB-7 x Solanum gilo, Pant Rituraj x CHFB-6, and Swarna Pratibha x CHFB-6 showed significant heterosis over better and standard parent for fruit yield.
Higher value of 1 and 2 compared to , significance value of h2, average degree of dominance ( / ) ½ and ratio of KD/KR showed the preponderance of dominance genes in the expression of yield and other traits including quality parameters, suggested that heterosis breeding approaches might be more rewarding than selection to improve yield together with quality traits in brinjal.
For wilt resistance on the basis of rating scale, out of thirty six genotypes including parents and hybrids, thirteen genotypes were found to be resistance, fifteen were moderately resistance, seven were moderately susceptible and one was susceptible genotype and no genotypes observed to be highly resistance and highly susceptible to wilt disease. SDS-PAGE analysis showed considerable variation in band number of protein in between the parents and hybrids which is ranged from 8-33. In the crosses where Swarna Pratibha, NDB-3, Pant Rituraj and CHFB-6 is used as female parents, their hybrids were found to be closely related to them as compared to their male parents, whereas when Pusa Purple Long, BR-112 and CHFB-7 were used as female parents, their hybrid were more closely related to their male parents.
Description
The present investigation was conducted during Rabi, 2015-2016 at Vegetable Experimental Farm, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh with 8 selected brinjal parental lines namely Swarna Pratibha, NDB-3, Pant Rituraj, Pusa Purple Long, BR-112, CHFB-6, CHFB-7 and Solanum gilo that were crossed in all possible combinations in diallel technique excluding reciprocals [n(n-1)/2]. The resultant 28 F1 hybrids and 8 parents were studied for thirteen characters viz., plant height, number of branches per plant, days to first flowering, days to first fruit harvest, fruit length, fruit girth, fruit yield per plant, fruit yield tones per hacter, number of seeds per fruit, resistance against wilt, solasodine content, total phenol content and anthocyanin content. Data were analyzed statistically for analysis of variance, combining ability, heterosis and gene action. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among treatments and hybrids for all the characters.
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