DISTRIBUTION OF HEAVY METALS IN SOIL, WATER AND THEIR TRANSFERENCE TO ECONOMIC CROPS SURROUNDING INDUSTRIAL AREA OF SOLAN

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dc.contributor.advisorBHARDWAJ, S.K.
dc.contributor.authorKAUSHIK, NISHTHA
dc.date.accessioned2016-11-18T12:04:47Z
dc.date.available2016-11-18T12:04:47Z
dc.date.issued2013
dc.description.abstractABSTRACT The present study entitled “Distribution of heavy metals in soil, water and their transference to economic crops surrounding industrial area of Solan” was carried out in Baddi industrial area of Himachal Pradesh. During pre and post monsoon seasons soil and water samples were collected at three horizontal distances from the industrial area of Baddi. The soil samples were collected from surface and sub-surface layers, whereas, water samples were collected from surface and ground water sources. In order to study the transference of heavy metals to major crops the leaf samples were collected from the selected crops (mango, wheat, maize and mustard). In both the layers of soil pH, EC were in the permissible limits at all the distances whereas, SOC was in low range. The concentration of As, Cd, Pb, Hg, Ni, Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn and Mo in both surface and sub-surface soil was higher within 2 km of industrial area which decreased with increasing distances and also from pre-monsoon to postmonsoon season. The concentrations of Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, Mn and Zn of both surface and sub-surface soil were in the permissible limits. However, in surface soil the content of Fe (7.55-18.98 mg/kg), Mo (0.21-0.46 mg/kg) and Hg (2.14-2.70 mg/kg) exceeded the permissible limits near the industrial hub. The pH and EC for both the water sources available around industries were within the permissible limits. The BOD values for both the sources of water was below the permissible limits as prescribed for irrigation water whereas, it was higher for surface water as per drinking water standards and ranged from 5.13-15 mg/l. However, COD in surface (25.48-30.85 mg/l) and ground water (23.15-25.33 mg/l) was higher than the permissible limits. All the heavy metals in surface and ground water sources namely As, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Zn, Cd, Pb were in the permissible limits. However, concentration of Hg in both surface (6.55-12.15 mg/l) and ground water (2.15-4.55 mg/l) was above the permissible limits. Like soil, heavy metal concentrations in water sources followed decreasing trend with increasing distances and from pre-monsoon to post-monsoon seasons. The concentration of Fe, Mn, Cd, Pb, Zn, Mo and Ni in leaves of major crops was in the permissible limits. Whereas, all the crops contained toxic levels of Hg growing around industrial area. The heavy metals of soil and crops growing around industrial area were significantly correlated except Cd and Cu in maize and mustard crops, respectively indicating thereby the transference of heavy metals to the major crops of the region. Thus, study indicated need for continuous monitoring of soil, water and plant quality in order to plan the preventive measures for enhancing the environmental quality on sustainable basis.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/86245
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.subEnvironmental Science
dc.these.typeM.Sc
dc.titleDISTRIBUTION OF HEAVY METALS IN SOIL, WATER AND THEIR TRANSFERENCE TO ECONOMIC CROPS SURROUNDING INDUSTRIAL AREA OF SOLANen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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