Genetic analysis and characterization of inter-subspecific cross derived genotypes for yield and quality traits in rice
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Date
2015
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JNKVV
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The present investigation entitled “Genetic analysis and Characterization of Inter-subspecific Cross Derieved Genotypes for Yield and Quality traits in Rice” was conducted at Seed Breeding Farm, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, J.N.K.V.V., Jabalpur, during Kharif 2014. This investigation was carried out with 75 JNPT lines of rice in randomized complete block design with three replications with the objectives to characterize JNPT lines based on morphological traits and to estimate genetic parameters of variability viz., coefficient of variation, heritability, genetic advance as percentage of mean, correlation coefficient analysis, path analysis, principal component analysis and molecular diversity analysis using SSR markers.
In the present investigation rice genotypes under study were characterized for twenty eight qualitative traits viz., basal leaf sheath color, leaf: pubescence of blade surface, leaf: auricles, leaf: anthocyanin coloration of auricles, Presence of ligule on leaf, leaf: shape of ligules, leaf ligule color, presence of collar on leaves, culm attiude, flag leaf: attitude of blade, stem: anthocyanin coloration of nodes, spikelet : color of stigma, spikelet : density of pubescence, sterile lemma color, spikelet: color of tip of lemma, panicle: exsertion, panicle: attitude of branches, panicle: awns, panicle: distribution of awns, panicle: color of awns, anthocyanin coloration on leaf sheath, lemma anthocyanin colouration of area below apex, lemma anthocyanin colouration of apex, lemma and palea colour, panicle curvature of main axis, panicle presence of secondry branching, panicle secondry branching and attitude of flag leaf blade (late). All the characters under study showed considerable genetic variability.
Results of analysis of variance indicated that the mean sums of squares due to genotypes were highly significant for all the traits under study, suggesting presence of sufficient variation among the genotypes for these traits. Maximum variability was observed for number of spikelet per panicle and minimum for LB ratio.
Coefficient of variation truly provides a relative measure of variance among the different traits. The values of PCV for all the traits under study were found to be more than GCV and slight difference between GCV and PCV were observed in all the traits, revealing very little influence of environment for their expression.
High Heritability accompanied with High Genetic Advance indicated the predominance of additive gene action for plant height, fertile spikelet per panicle, no of spikelets per panicle, stem length, harvest index, biological yield, panicle index, spikelet density, sterile spikelet per panicle, panicle weight per plant, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, grain yield per plant, panicle length, thousand grain weight, amylose percent, stem thickness, grain width, decorticated grain width. It indicates that the heritability is most likely due to additive gene effect and selection may be effective.
Characters having positive and significant correlation with grain yield per plant were number of spikelets per panicle, plant height, biological yield per plant, panicle weight per plant, harvest index , number of tillers per plant, productive tillers per plant, fertile spikelets per panicle, stem length, spikelet density, spikelet fertility percent, flag leaf length, flag leaf width and milling percentage.
The path coefficient analysis of different traits contributing towards grain yield revealed that number of spikelets per panicle exhibited maximum positive effect followed by plant height, biological yield per plant, panicle weight per plant, harvest index, seed breadth, panicle index, seed length, total number of productive tillers per plant, stem thickness, milling per cent, 1000 grain weight, days to maturity, flag leaf width and flag leaf length had positive direct effect on grain yield per plant .
The characters with positive and significant correlation along with positive direct effect on grain yield per plant were, spikelet number per panicle, plant height, biological yield per plant, panicle weight per plant, harvest index , productive tillers per plant and milling percentage Hence, these characters are primary yield contributing characters and could be relied upon for selection to improve genetic yield potential of genotypes.
The principal component analysis revealed that out of thirty one, only five principal components (PCs) exhibited more than 1.9 eigen value, and showed about
62.789% variability among the traits studied. So, these five PCs were given due importance for further explanation. The PC1 showed 19.214 % while, PC2, PC3, PC4 and PC5 exhibited 15.579 %, 12.520 %, 8.123 % and 7.353% variability respectively among the lines for the traits under study. PCA also revealed that number of spikelets per panicle, spikelet density, fertile spikelets per panicle, panicle weight per plant, total tillers per plant, productive tillers per plant, grain yield per plant
and biological yield per plant were the characters with maximum variability. On the basis of PCA most of the important yield as well as yield and quality attributing traits were present in PC1, PC2, PC3 and PC4. Therefore a promising breeding programme could be initiated by selecting lines from these principal components. Similarly for quality improvement lines could be selected from PC4 since most of the quality traits were present in this principal component. The genotypes NPT(s) 23-3,
25B × NPT 100 (a), NPT 24 × IR 36 (c) NPT(s) 4-1, NPT 32 × Pusa Basmati (b), NPT 33 × Mahamaya (c) and 25A × NPT 70-15 fell in yield and some in yield as well as quality associated PCs hence these lines had high value for yield and quality improvement.
On the basis of plant height, panicle length, stem thickness, no of panicles, stem thickness and 1000 grain weight performance twenty four diverse lines were selected for molecular characterization especially diversity analysis on the basis of polymorphic SSR markers reported for different qualitative and quantitative traits. A total of thirteen SSR markers having different linked traits were applied to analyze the genetic architecture of the present material utilized for this study. It was found that SSR markers namely RM259, RM468, RM201, RM219, RM228 and RM7 were polymorphic and associated with important qualitative and quantitative traits i.e. grain length, kernel width, kernel length, drought tolerance, plant height, panicle length and thousand grain weight respectively. Unique alleles were amplified by four markers viz., RM201, RM228, RM259 and RM468. The markers were linked to drought tolerance, panicle length, grain length and grain width respectively. RM 259 and RM 468 amplified 3 alleles each, which were maximum number of amplified alleles. It showed that sufficient amount of genetic diversity is present in genotypes included in this study. The lines NPT(s) 6-12, NPT(s) 8-2 and NPT 32 × Pusa Basmati (b), 25B × NPT 100(a), NPT 32 × Pusa Basmati (b) and NPT 100 × HMT (b), NPT(s) 6-1 (f) and NPT 32 × Pusa Basmati (b), NPT(s) 4-1, NPT(s) 6-1 (b), NPT(s) 6-1 (c) and NPT(s) 6-1 (d) showed the presence of unique alleles and hence are of importance in molecular breeding programme. From overall molecular analysis, it is summarized that that the polymorphic markers will be used for diversity analysis, mapping and tagging of targeted genes and also QTL analysis, candidate gene approach and other relevant fields of genetics and plant breeding.
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liquid wastes, wastes, extraction, planting, sampling, poultry equipment, fertilizers, plant oils, crops, carbon