AGROTECHNIQUES FOR ENHANCING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF RABI REDGRAM [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] AND STUDY OF CARRYOVER EFFECT ON YIELD OF SUMMER FODDER
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Date
2015
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Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur
Abstract
Present investigation entitled “Agrotechniques for enhancing the productivity of rabi redgram [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] and study of carryover effect on summer fodder” was carried out for two consecutive rabi and summer seasons of 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 at S. V. Agricultural College Farm (ANGRAU), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh. The experiment was laid out in split-split plot design, replicated thrice. The treatments were three times of sowing viz., II FN of September (T1), I FN of October (T2) and II FN of October (T3) as main plots, three nutrient doses viz.,10-40-0 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1 (N1), 20-50-10 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1 (N2) and 30-6020 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1 (N3) as sub plots and two foliar sprays viz., NAA (25 ppm) and DAP (2 %) sprayed once at 60 DAS (F1) and same twice at 60 and 80 DAS (F2) as sub-sub plots. The test variety was LRG-41. There was significant improvement in growth parameters of redgram (plant height, leaf area and dry matter production) due to II FN of September (T1) sowing relative to that due to I FN of October (T2) and II FN of October (T3) sowings. All the growth parameters suffered a setback due to II FN of October (T3) sowing. Application of 30-60-20 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1 (N3) significantly improved the growth parameters. The effect of foliar sprays on growth was significant only at 100 DAS and at harvest as the treatments were imposed at 60 and 80 DAS. There was significant improvement in plant height, leaf area and dry matter production due to foliar spray of NAA (25 ppm) and DAP (2 %) twice at 60 and 80 DAS (F2).
Crop growth rate was significantly higher due to September II FN (T1) sowing, during both the years. Significantly, higher crop growth rate at all samplings was with 30-60-20 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1 (N3), during both the years. Foliar spray of NAA (25 ppm) and DAP (2 %) at 60 and 80 DAS (F2) resulted in significantly higher crop growth rate between 75 and 100 DAS and 100 DAS and at harvest. Crop sown during II FN of September receiving nutrient dose of 30-60-20 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1 (T1N3) recorded higher crop growth rate between 100 DAS and at harvest, which was however, comparable with that due to September II FN sowing with nutrient dose of 20-50-10 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1 (T1N2). At 25, 50 and 75 DAS, number of total and effective nodules plant-1 were the highest due to II FN of September (T1) sowing followed by that due to I FN of October (T2) and II FN of October (T3) with significant disparity between any two of them, during both the years. With regard to nutrient doses, application of 30-60-20 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1 (N3) resulted in significantly higher number of total and effective nodules plant-1. At 25 DAS interaction of crop sown during II FN of September with nutrient dose of 20-50-10 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1 (T1N2) resulted in the highest number of total and effective nodules plant-1.
Longer duration to 50 per cent flowering and maturity was with the crop sown during II FN of September (T1) which was significantly longer than that due to later sowings.
Maximum growing degree days and helio thermal units from sowing to 50 per cent flowering and 50 per cent flowering to maturity were accumulated by rabi redgram sown during II FN of September (T1) and was decreased in order for each fortnight delay in sowing. Crop sown during II FN of September (T1) significantly improved the yield attributes (number of pod bearing branches plant-1, number of pods branch-1, number of seeds pod-1 and test weight), seed and stalk yield relative to late sowings. Application of 30-60-20 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1 (N3) improved the yield attributes, seed and stalk yield, during both the years. Foliar spray of NAA (25 ppm) and DAP (2 %) at 60 and 80 DAS (F2) significantly improved the yield attributes, seed and stalk yield of redgram in both the years. Crop sown during II FN of September receiving 30-60-20 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1 (T1N3) significantly improved the yield attributes (except test weight), seed and stalk yield. Number of pod bearing branches plant-1 and seed yield were the highest due to II FN of September sowing along with foliar spray of NAA (25 ppm) and DAP (2 %) at 60 and 80 DAS (T1F2), during both the years. The highest seed protein content was with earliest sown crop during II FN of September (T1), while the lowest was with that due to II FN of
October (T3) sowing, during both the years. Application of 30-60-20 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1 (N3) resulted in the highest seed protein content. The highest nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) content and uptake were with the earliest sown crop during II FN of September (T1) during both the years. Application of 30-60-20 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1 (N3) resulted in the highest nutrient content and uptake, which was significantly higher with 20-50-10 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1 (N2) in both the years. With regard to foliar sprays, nitrogen uptake during first year and phosphorus uptake during both the years, were the highest with NAA (25 ppm) and DAP (2 %) foliar spray at 60 and 80 DAS (F2). The highest phosphorus and potassium uptake was with crop sown during II FN of September along with the nutrient dose of 30-60-20 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1 (T1N3). The highest gross and net returns as well as benefit : cost ratio were with the crop sown during II FN of September (T1) in both the years. With regard to nutrient doses, 30-60-20 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1(N3) resulted in the highest economic returns. Foliar spray of NAA (25 ppm) and DAP (2 %) at 60 and 80 DAS (F2) resulted in significantly higher economic returns relative to that due to same foliar spray once at 60 DAS (F1). The highest economic returns were with crop sown during II FN of September with 3060-20 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1 (T1N3) during both the years. The highest gross and net returns were with crop sown during II FN of September with foliar spray of NAA (25 ppm) and DAP (2 %) at 60 and 80 DAS (T1F2) during both the years.
Significant improvement in post harvest soil fertility status (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) after rabi redgram was with the crop sown during II FN of October (T3). Among the nutrient doses, 30-60-20 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1(N3) resulted in the highest residual soil fertility status, during both the years.
Significantly higher green fodder yield of korra, on residual fertility after rabi redgram, was with late sown crop during II FN of October (T3). The highest green fodder yield of korra was due to residual effect of 30-6020 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1(N3), which was significantly higher than with other nutrient doses tested.
The highest crude protein and crude fiber content of fodder korra was with residual effect of rabi redgram sown during II FN of October (T3) while their lowest were with that due to II FN of September (T1) sowing, during both the years. Significantly the highest crude protein and crude fiber content was with residual effect of the highest nutrient dose of 30-60-20 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1 (N3) applied to rabi redgram, during both the years.
Significant improvement in post harvest soil fertility status, after korra, was with the residual effect of rabi redgram sown during II FN of October (T3). Application of 30-60-20 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1(N3) significantly improved the post harvest soil fertility status.
Investigations indicated that rabi redgram gives optimum yield and economic returns if sown during II FN of September with 30-60-20 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1 along with foliar spray of NAA (25 ppm) and DAP (2 %) twice at 60 and 80 DAS. During summer season, higher green fodder yield of korra, on residual fertility after rabi redgram, can be realised if rabi redgram is sown during II FN of October with of 30-60-20 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1.
Description
AGROTECHNIQUES FOR ENHANCING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF RABI REDGRAM [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] AND STUDY OF CARRYOVER EFFECT ON YIELD OF SUMMER FODDER
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