Effect of organic amendments on the efficacy of bacterial parasite, Pasteuria penetrans, for the management of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) in tomato
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Date
2018
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CCSHAU
Abstract
Investigations were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of Pasteuria penetrans (a bacterial parasite of root-knot nematode) and organic amendments (neem cake, mustard cake, castor cake and farmyard manure) in the management of root knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica infecting tomato. The experiments were conducted in laboratory and screen house of Department of Nematology, CCSHAU, Hisar. Leachates were collected after application of organic amendments to the soil and were tested in vitro, for their effect on the encumbrance of endospore of P. penetrans to second stage juvenile (J2) of root-knot nematode. Maximum spore adherence to J2 was observed in leachate collected from soil, where no organic amendment was applied, indicating that water along with soil chemical does not influence the attachment of endospores to juveniles. Among the tested organic amendments, higher attachment of endospores was observed in mustard cake and neem cake. Minimum spore encumbrance was observed in leachate collected from the pots where farmyard manure was applied. However, the number of spores adhered to J2 were sufficient to parasitize root-knot nematode. Another aspect of the present investigation was to study the effect of different organic amendments on the life cycle development of P. penetrans on the M. javanica infecting tomato. The life cycle of P. penetrans on root-knot nematode was completed in all the organic amendments but, it was well synchronised where mustard and castor cakes were applied. There was a slight delay in life cycle of bacterium in neem cake and FYM. All life cycle stages of bacterium viz., microcolony, thallus, quartets, diads, immature spore and mature spore were observed. Integration of P. penetrans @ 1x104 spores/g soil with the organic amendments improved plant growth parameters and reduced nematode multiplication in tomato infected with M. javanica. Minimum number of galls (20.7), eggs per root system (656.0) and final nematode population per 200 cc soil (92.1) and improved plant growth parameters were recorded in combined application of P. penetrans with mustard cake @ 10 g/kg soil. The application of P. penetrans at different spore load (1x103, 1x104, and 1x105 spores/g soil) in combination mustard cake at the rate of 10 g/kg soil was also tested for the management of M. javanica in tomato nursery. The nematode reproduction reduced with the increase in spore load of bacterium. P. penetrans @ 1x105 spores/g soil was found best in increasing plant growth parameters and decreasing nematode reproduction followed by spore load 1x104 spores/g soil.
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