IMPACT OF MAHATMA GANDHI NATIONAL RURAL EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE SCHEME (MGNREGS) IN ANANTHAPURAMU DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH
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Date
2016
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Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University
Abstract
The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
(MGNREGS) aims at enhancing the livelihood security of the people in rural areas
by guaranteeing hundred days of wage employment in a financial year to a
household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work. Mahatma
Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act was notified on 7th September,
2005. The Act came into force on February, 2006 and was implemented in a phased
manner. In phase-I, it was introduced in 200 most backward districts of the country
on 2nd February, 2006 and implemented in additional 130 districts in phase-II on 1st
April, 2007. To bring the whole nation under its safety net and keeping in view of
the demand the Act was extended to the remaining 285 districts of India on 1st April,
2008 in phase-III.
An ex-post facto research design was followed to study the impact of
MGNREGS in Ananthapuramu district of Andhra Pradesh. The study was
conducted in Andhra Pradesh state during 2015-16. Ananthapuramu district of
Andhra Pradesh was purposively selected based on criteria of maximum
employment generation in Rayalaseema region. Out of 63 mandals of
Ananthapuramu district, three mandals were selected purposively based on the
criteria of maximum employment generation. From the list of villages in each
mandal, four villages were selected thus making total 12 villages, based on the
criteria of maximum employment generation. From each selected village 10
respondents were selected by following the simple random sampling, thus making a
total of 120 respondents constituted the sample of the study. Data was collected by
pre-testing followed by personal interview method.
For the purpose of statistical analysis of the coded data, various tools were
used; Frequency (F), Percentage (%), paired‘t’ test, Arithmetic Mean ( ), Standard
Deviation (σ), Correlation coefficient (r) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR).
The detailed analysis of profile characteristics indicated that majority of the
MGNREGS beneficiaries belonged to the categories of middle aged (65.00%), male
(61.70%), illiterate (50.00%), medium size of the family (62.50%), agriculture
(68.30%), other backward caste (48.30%), medium annual income category
(48.33%), with 7 to 9 years of benefit (53.30%), medium socio-politico participation
(94.17%), medium sources of information (65.00%), medium economic motivation
(69.00%), medium achievement motivation (68.00%), medium risk orientation
(74.14%) and medium level of aspiration (86.67%).
The detailed analysis of the dependent variables indicated that the majority
(79.16 %) of the respondents had moderate favourable attitude, where in 13.33 per
cent had unfavourable attitude and 7.50 per cent highly favourable attitude.
Majority (70.00%) of MGNREGS beneficiaries belonged to medium direct
changes category followed by more (17.50%) and less (12.50%) direct changes
categories. Direct changes occurred due to the implementation of MGNREGS were
increase in the total number of man days in an year from 169.41 days/ year to 278.83
days/ year, increase in the mean value of number of employed persons in the family
from 1.73 persons to 2.44 persons, reduction in the mean daily working hours from
8.79 hours to 7.24 hours, increase in the mean daily wage rates from Rs.66.53/ day
to Rs.144.95/day, increase in the mean income level from Rs.29188.33/year to
Rs.45950/year, increase in the overall community assets up to 91.39 percent,
increase in the overall development of works on individual land holding up to 75.62
percent and reduction in the mean days of migration from 99.16 days/year to 22.25
days/ year.
About 67.50 percent of MGNREGS beneficiaries experienced medium indirect
changes followed by more (20.00%) and less (12.50%) indirect changes. Due the
implementation of MGNREGS, the beneficiaries experienced medium (73.33%)
level of empowerment, medium (75.83%) personal and family security, increase in
the food consumption level with a mean difference of 7.75 Kg/ week, increase in the
conservation of natural resources and strengthening democracy.
Out of the fourteen selected independent variables five of the variables viz.,
education, size of family, socio-politico participation, sources of information and
achievement motivation showed significant relation with the attitude of the
MGNREGS beneficiaries. Remaining variables like age, gender, occupation, caste,
annual income, number of years benefited economic motivation, risk orientation and
level of aspiration did not showed any significant relation with the attitude of the
beneficiaries. The Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) analysis indicated that all the
fourteen variables put together explained 69.20 per cent of variance in the attitude of
MGNREGS beneficiaries, remaining 30.80 per cent due to the extraneous factors.
Out of the fourteen selected independent variables seven of the variables
namely education, size of the family, occupation, annual income, risk orientation,
achievement motivation and level of aspiration showed the significant relation with
the direct changes of MGNREGS beneficiaries. Remaining variables like age,
gender, caste, number of years benefited, socio-politico participation, sources of
information and economic motivation did not show any significant relationship with
the direct changes experienced by the MGNREGS beneficiaries. The Multiple
Linear Regression (MLR) analysis indicated that all the fourteen variables put
together explained 57.80 per cent of variance in the direct changes experienced by
the MGNREGS beneficiaries, remaining 42.20 per cent due to the extraneous
factors.
Out of the fourteen selected independent variables five of the variables
namely education, annual income, number of years benefitted, socio-politico
participation and achievement motivation showed significant relation with the
indirect changes of the MGNREGS beneficiaries. Remaining variables like age,
gender, size of the family, occupation, caste, sources of information, risk orientation,
economic motivation and level of aspiration did not show any significant
relationship with the indirect changes. The Multiple Linear Regression (MLR)
analysis indicated that all the fourteen variables put together explained 73.60 per
cent of variance in the indirect changes experienced by the MGNREGS
beneficiaries, remaining 26.40 per cent due to the extraneous factors.
The various constraints faced by the selected MGNREGS beneficiaries were
‘late payment of wages’, ‘no scope to get employment more than 150 days’, ‘nonprovision
of 150 days’, ‘non availability of regular work’, ‘poor work site
facilities’, ‘distances of work site’, ‘non-payment of wages in the form of grains’,
‘low payment of wages’, ‘no special provision for elderly persons’, ‘delay in
disposal of beneficiaries complaints’, ‘migration of laborers due to non-provision of
works under MGNREGS’, ‘non- payment of unemployment allowance’, ‘no
provision for skilled or semi-skilled works in MGNREGS’ and ‘provision of
employment during agricultural seasons’.
The suggestions given by the selected MGNREGS beneficiaries for the
effective implementation of the scheme were ‘timely payment of wages’, ‘extending
the limit of 150 days employment’, ‘fulfillment of 150 days of employment’,
‘payment of wages in the form of grains’, ‘timely allotment of works’, ‘provision of
necessary work site facilities’, ‘provision of sufficient employment near by the
village’, ‘timely payment of unemployment allowance’, ‘special provisions for
elderly persons’, ‘timely solution to the beneficiaries complaints’, ‘provision of
employment during off-season’ and ‘provision of employment for skilled and
semiskilled workers’. Based on the constraints faced and suggestions given by the
beneficiaries a suitable strategy was formulated for the effective functioning of
MGNREGS.
Description
D5381
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