IMPACT OF WEATHER ON PHENOLOGY OF MUSTARD (Brassica juncea L.) AND ITS EFFECT ON INSECT POLLINATORS DIVERSITY AND POLLINATION

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dc.contributor.advisorSHARMA, HARISH KUMAR
dc.contributor.authorMANJU, DEVI
dc.date.accessioned2018-03-22T08:17:42Z
dc.date.available2018-03-22T08:17:42Z
dc.date.issued2017-12
dc.description.abstractABSTRACT The present study was conducted to determine the impact of weather on phenology of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) and its effect on insect pollinators diversity and pollination. The studies were conducted in mustard crop by inducing the plant to flower early or late through different sowing dates. The crop was sown during two major seasons first from October- November (season 1) and second from February to March (season 2) in three different dates in each season at an interval of fifteen days. Season 1 and season 2 had significant effect on flower phenology, insect pollinators diversity and relative abundance of insects and seed set of mustard crop. Flower bud development was significantly more in mustard crop grown in season 1 (11.12 days) as compared to season 2 (8.55 days). Season 1 had longest flowering duration (39 days). Flower phenology characters like duration of flowering, days to flowering, longevity of flower, pollen viability and nectar sugar concentration have been found sensitive to change in weather conditions like temperature, relative humidity and rainfall. Flower bud development, longevity of flower was positively correlated with temperature. Nectar sugar concentration decreased with decreasing relative humidity and had a direct correlation with air temperature. Cool temperature at the time of flowering favoured nectar flow. Open mode of pollination was superior to hand pollination and pollinators exclusion. Higher seed set percentage was observed in open pollination (66.87 %) as compared to hand pollination (51.55 %) and pollinator’s exclusion (42.68 %) during both the seasons. Seed set in mustard was higher in season 1 (62.15 %). Delayed sowing of mustard resulted into reduction in the seed set due to short flowering duration, low nectar sugar concentration, which were affected by weather conditions. The population of insect visitors was higher in season 1 as compared to season 2. A total of 88 insects belonging to 63 genera under 31 families and 9 orders were found to visit the mustard bloom in season 1. Forty one insects belonging to 23 families and 9 orders were observed in season 2. Order Hymenoptera contributed higher percentage of the insect visitors. Hive bees (Apis cerana F. and A. mellifera L.) were the most efficient pollinators of mustard. High temperature, heavy rainfall and low temperature had negative influence on abundance of insect visitors on mustard flower. Shannon Weiner pollinator diversity indices indicated that for sampling pollinator diversity, all the methods have to be collectively employed as no single method is fully reliable.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810042369
dc.keywordsmustard (Brassica juncea L.), impact of weather , phenology,insect pollinators diversityen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.pages165+XXIXen_US
dc.publisherUHF,NAUNIen_US
dc.subEntomologyen_US
dc.subjectnullen_US
dc.thememustard (Brassica juncea L.), impact of weather , phenology,insect pollinators diversityen_US
dc.these.typePh.Den_US
dc.titleIMPACT OF WEATHER ON PHENOLOGY OF MUSTARD (Brassica juncea L.) AND ITS EFFECT ON INSECT POLLINATORS DIVERSITY AND POLLINATIONen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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