MULTIMODAL ANALGESIA AND BALANCED ANAESTHESIA WITH MELOXICAM- BUTORPHANOLMIDAZOLAM- KETAMINE COMBINATION IN INDIAN PIGEON (Columba livia)
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Date
2018
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COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES, POOKODE WAYANAD
Abstract
of the surgical procedures performed in avian practice. Practitioners often
perform general anaesthesia by giving an injectable or inhalant agent, with or
without a sedative. Intraoperative response to pain is often misunderstood as
lightening of anaesthesia and managed by administration of incremental doses of
the anaesthetic agent, resulting in alarmingly deeper planes of anaesthesia.
Instead, balanced anaesthesia with multimodal analgesia would be a better
anaesthetic practice to follow for surgical interventions involving deep pain in
birds. Keeping this in view, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the
analgesic and anaesthetic effects of meloxicam- butorphanol- midazolamketamine combination for balanced anaesthesia in Indian pigeon (Columba livia)
and compare it with that of the existent diazepam-ketamine anaesthetic protocol in
practice.
Twelve adult pigeons presented for surgical correction of pategium ligament
injuries were randomly assigned to two groups – group I and group II, of six birds
each. In Group I, thirty minutes following pre-emptive analgesia with meloxicam
at the rate of 0.5 mg/kg, anaesthesia was induced with butorphanol, midazolam
and ketamine at the dose rate of 1 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg respectively as a
single intramuscular injection. Birds of Group II were anaesthetised with a drug
combination of diazepam and ketamine at the rate of 2 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg body
weight respectively as a single intramuscular injection. Physiological, anaesthetic
and analgesic parameters were recorded immediately after induction and every 10
minutes thereafter, throughout the anaesthetic period. All the birds were observed
till complete recovery from anaesthesia.
Loss of righting reflex, loss of wing fluttering, loss of voluntary head movement,
eyelid closure, reduced spontaneous blinking and loss of palpebral reflex,
successively, were noted as the signs of induction in all the twelve birds.
Induction of anaesthesia was significantly quick for birds anaesthetised with
meloxicam- butorphanol- midazolam- ketamine combination when compared to
birds anaesthetised with diazepam-ketamine. The balanced anaesthetic
combination provided excellent analgesia. Cardiorespiratory functions were well
preserved. The balanced anaesthetic combination provided significantly quick
recovery when compared to that in practice.
To conclude, the anaesthetic protocol of pre-emptive analgesia with
meloxicam at the rate of 0.5 mg/kg intramuscularly, followed by combination of
butorphanol-midazolam-ketamine at the dose rate of 1 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg and 30
mg/kg as a single intramuscular injection, provides quick anaesthesia, excellent
analgesia and speedy recovery in Indian pigeons (Columba livia) for surgical
correction of pategium ligament injuries.
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