MULTIMODAL ANALGESIA AND BALANCED ANAESTHESIA WITH MELOXICAM- BUTORPHANOLMIDAZOLAM- KETAMINE COMBINATION IN INDIAN PIGEON (Columba livia)

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dc.contributor.advisorSooryadas S.
dc.contributor.authorRASHMI S. GOKHALE
dc.date.accessioned2020-07-23T07:22:53Z
dc.date.available2020-07-23T07:22:53Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.description.abstractof the surgical procedures performed in avian practice. Practitioners often perform general anaesthesia by giving an injectable or inhalant agent, with or without a sedative. Intraoperative response to pain is often misunderstood as lightening of anaesthesia and managed by administration of incremental doses of the anaesthetic agent, resulting in alarmingly deeper planes of anaesthesia. Instead, balanced anaesthesia with multimodal analgesia would be a better anaesthetic practice to follow for surgical interventions involving deep pain in birds. Keeping this in view, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the analgesic and anaesthetic effects of meloxicam- butorphanol- midazolamketamine combination for balanced anaesthesia in Indian pigeon (Columba livia) and compare it with that of the existent diazepam-ketamine anaesthetic protocol in practice. Twelve adult pigeons presented for surgical correction of pategium ligament injuries were randomly assigned to two groups – group I and group II, of six birds each. In Group I, thirty minutes following pre-emptive analgesia with meloxicam at the rate of 0.5 mg/kg, anaesthesia was induced with butorphanol, midazolam and ketamine at the dose rate of 1 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg respectively as a single intramuscular injection. Birds of Group II were anaesthetised with a drug combination of diazepam and ketamine at the rate of 2 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg body weight respectively as a single intramuscular injection. Physiological, anaesthetic and analgesic parameters were recorded immediately after induction and every 10 minutes thereafter, throughout the anaesthetic period. All the birds were observed till complete recovery from anaesthesia. Loss of righting reflex, loss of wing fluttering, loss of voluntary head movement, eyelid closure, reduced spontaneous blinking and loss of palpebral reflex, successively, were noted as the signs of induction in all the twelve birds. Induction of anaesthesia was significantly quick for birds anaesthetised with meloxicam- butorphanol- midazolam- ketamine combination when compared to birds anaesthetised with diazepam-ketamine. The balanced anaesthetic combination provided excellent analgesia. Cardiorespiratory functions were well preserved. The balanced anaesthetic combination provided significantly quick recovery when compared to that in practice. To conclude, the anaesthetic protocol of pre-emptive analgesia with meloxicam at the rate of 0.5 mg/kg intramuscularly, followed by combination of butorphanol-midazolam-ketamine at the dose rate of 1 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg as a single intramuscular injection, provides quick anaesthesia, excellent analgesia and speedy recovery in Indian pigeons (Columba livia) for surgical correction of pategium ligament injuries.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810149692
dc.keywordsMULTIMODAL ANALGESIA BALANCED ANAESTHESIA MELOXICAM- BUTORPHANOLMIDAZOLAM- KETAMINE COMBINATION INDIAN PIGEON (Columba livia)en_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.pages39en_US
dc.publisherCOLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES, POOKODE WAYANADen_US
dc.research.problemMULTIMODAL ANALGESIA AND BALANCED ANAESTHESIA WITH MELOXICAM- BUTORPHANOLMIDAZOLAM- KETAMINE COMBINATION IN INDIAN PIGEON (Columba livia)en_US
dc.subVeterinary Surgery and Radiologyen_US
dc.subjectnullen_US
dc.themeMULTIMODAL ANALGESIA AND BALANCED ANAESTHESIA WITH MELOXICAM- BUTORPHANOLMIDAZOLAM- KETAMINE COMBINATION IN INDIAN PIGEON (Columba livia)en_US
dc.these.typeM.Scen_US
dc.titleMULTIMODAL ANALGESIA AND BALANCED ANAESTHESIA WITH MELOXICAM- BUTORPHANOLMIDAZOLAM- KETAMINE COMBINATION IN INDIAN PIGEON (Columba livia)en_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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