SEASONAL INCIDENCE AND MANAGEMENT OF BROOD DISEASES AND GREATER WAX MOTH (Galleria mellonella L.) IN HIVE BEES
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Date
2022-08
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UHF,NAUNI
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The present investigations entitled “Seasonal incidence and management of brood diseases and
greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella L.) in hive bees” was conducted during the year 2019-2021 at
Department of Entomology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal
Pradesh. European foulbrood disease incidence in Apis cerana F. colonies was maximum (17.50%) in the month
of July, when temperature, relative humidity and rainfall were high. Thai sacbrood disease was recorded
maximum during May (6.90%) when temperature was high and relative humidity and rainfall were low. The
incidence of Tropilaelaps clareae was maximum in the month of June (7.20%) when temperature was high. In
Apis mellifera L. colonies the European foulbrood disease incidence was maximum in September (37.10%)
under stationary conditions when temperature was high and relative humidity and rainfall were moderate. Under
migratory conditions the sacbrood disease incidence was maximum in the month of July (38.30%) when
temperature was high, relative humidity was low and rainfall was maximum. Sacbrood disease incidence was
maximum in May under both stationary and migratory conditions (6.60% and 5.80%) when the temperature was
high and relative humidity and rainfall were moderate. Under stationary and migratory conditions incidence of
V. destructor and T. clareae was observed during summer months when the temperature was high. The
incidence of wax moth (larvae, pupae and adults) in A. cerana and A. mellifera colonies was maximum in the
month of July under stationary and migratory conditions (7.47, 6.53) in A. mellifera and (8.97) in A. cerana
colonies when the temperature and rainfall were high and relative humidity was moderate. Management studies
of greater wax moth under laboratory conditions revealed that after 21 days of treatment of the combs, no
infested area and reduction in weight of the combs (A. cerana and A. mellifera) was recorded in deep freezing at
-8℃ to -10 ℃ followed by Bt (3.95%, 3.99%), NSKE, sulphur fumigation and Neem oil treatment. Maximum
larval and pupal mortality was also recorded in deep freezing followed by Bt and minimum adult emergence was
recorded in Bt (12.50%). Under field conditions placing wax moth trap and delta trap fitted with A. dorsata
comb in front of the hives showed that maximum adult moths were trapped in wax moth trap and delta trap with
A. dorsata comb. Out of three Bt concentrations (3, 6 and 9g/l) the highest larval mortality with less comb
damage was recorded in Bt 9g/l. The IPM practices comprising cultural (periodic cleaning), Mechanical (delta
trap installation) and chemical (lime sulphur application) when integrated helped in total protection of both bee
colonies with no infestation in the colonies. For the non-chemical treatment of the brood diseases (sacbrood and
European foulbrood) in A. mellifera and A. cerana colonies, different plant and fungal extracts were used and
maximum reduction in percentage of diseased larvae in treated colonies over the diseased control were recorded
in Ganoderma lucidum (3ml/250ml of sugar solution) in sacbrood and European foulbrood infected colonies.