EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ORGANIC WEED MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SWEET CORN
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Date
2021
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INDIRA GANDHI KRISHI VISHWAVIDYALYA RAIPUR (C.G.)
Abstract
Experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2020-21 at the Instructional cum Research Farm IGKV, Raipur, Chhattisgarh to study the “Effect of different organic weed management practices on growth and yield of sweet corn” with the objective to study the growth and yield of sweet corn under different organic weed management practices.
The field experiment was worked out under randomized block design with three replications having eight different weed management treatments namely.T1-Hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 DAS, T2- Black polythene mulch (20 micron thickness), T3- Paddy straw mulch 5 tonne ha-1, T4- Stale seed bed +25% higher plant density + mulching with paddy straw + one hand weeding at 30 DAS, T5-Hand hoe twice at 20 and 40 DAS, T6- Live mulching with green gram (incorporation 30 DAS), T7- Live mulching with green gram (incorporation 30 DAS) + one intra row hand weeding at 30 DAS and T8-Weed mulching 20 DAS (in-situ mulching of weeds in between rows) + one hand weeding at 40 DAS. The soil of experimental field was clayey in texture, neutral in reaction having 0.65 % of carbon, low in available N (120 kg ha-1), medium P2O5 (17.42 kg-1) and high K2O content (319.0 kg ha-1). The sweet corn variety Sugar 75 was sown on 31 December 2020 with a spacing of 40 × 30 cm except in treatment of stale seed bed + 25% higher plant density + mulching with paddy straw + one hand weeding at 30 DAS, where the spacing was maintained at 32 × 30 cm. The recommended dose (80: 50: 30 NPK kg ha-1) was applied through organic sources i.e. 50 % N through FYM, 25 % N through vermicompost and 25 % N through poultry manure. The entire quantity of FYM and poultry manure was applied as basal, while 50 % vermicompost was applied in two equal splits each at Knee-high and pre-tasseling stage of sweet corn.
The weed flora present in experimental site was Medicago denticulata, Chenopodium album, Echinochloa colona, Alternanthera sessilis, Cyperus spp and Cynodon dactylon. Among all the different weed management practices, black polythene mulch (T2) was found superior owing to the lowest weed count and weed dry weight. At 20 DAS, the lowest count of weeds was recoded under black polythene mulch (T2) followed by stale seed bed +25% higher plant density + mulching with paddy straw + one hand weeding at 30 DAS (T4) was next in order which was followed by paddy straw mulch 5 t ha-1 (T3). The higher density of weed was recorded under weed mulching 20 DAS (in-situ mulching of weeds in between rows) + one hand weeding at 40 DAS. At 40 and 60 DAS and at harvest, black polythene mulch (T2) treatment was found superior over all the treatment as there were lowest weeds count in this treatment.
The weed control efficiency was worked out in comparison to T6 (live mulching with green gram incorporation at 30 DAS) treated as control. The highest weed control efficiency (84.55 %) was found at 60 DAS in black polythene mulch (20 micron thickness) and it was followed by stale seed bed + 25% higher plant density + mulching with paddy straw + one hand weeding at 30 DAS (70.68 %), paddy straw mulch 5 t ha-1 (70.04 %) and hand weeding twice 20 and 40 DAS (60.76 %). The lowest WCE% (30.24%) live mulching with green gram (incorporation 30 DAS) + one intra row hand weeding at 30 DAS (T7) plots.
All the growth parameter viz. plant dry matter accumulation, plant height number of leaves plant-1, and CGR were found significantly superior under black polythene mulch (20 micron thickness) (T2) followed by stale seed bed + 25% higher plant density + mulching with paddy straw + one hand weeding at 30 DAS (T4) as compared to rest of the treatments. The maximum yield attribute characters like no. of cobs plant-1, no. of grains cob-1, green cob yield and stover yield 7.42 and 16.17 t ha-1 were also registered significantly higher in black polythene mulch (20 micron thickness) (T2) followed by stale seed bed +25% higher plant density + mulching with paddy straw + one hand weeding at 30 DAS (T4), paddy straw mulch 5 t ha-1, and hand weeding twice 20 and 40 DAS.
The gross returns (Rs.254833 ha-1), net returns (Rs.189302 ha-1) and B:C ratio (3.89) was the maximum under the black polythene mulch (20 micron thickness) (T2) followed by stale seed bed + 25% higher plant density + mulching with paddy straw + one hand weeding at 30 DAS (T4).
Description
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ORGANIC WEED MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SWEET CORN