Enhanced stevioside production from in vitro cultures of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bert.)
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Date
2007-02-07
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University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore
Abstract
The experiment on ‘Enhanced stevioside production through in vitro cultures of stevia
(Stevia rebaudiana Bert.)’ was carried out at the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Division of
Horticulture, UAS, GKVK, Bangalore. Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bert.) is a herbaceous perennial
plant belonging to Asteraceae family and stevioside, principal diterpene glycoside a boon to
diabetics. Plant tissue culture is a viable alternative to traditional agriculture for industrial
production of secondary metabolites. Preliminary investigations on media composition, strength of
medium, sources of carbon and concentrations of growth regulators, effects of photoperiod and
liquid culture and use of precursor in elicitation were studied on callus induction, biomass and
stevioside production.
In the plant system, leaf contains 9.22 per cent, stem has 3.27 per cent and the root has very
negligible amount of stevioside. Half MS medium was better in callus induction and sucrose at 3
per cent produced higher fresh and dry weight of callus and that was supported by its consumption.
Friable yellow coloured callus was obtained in all the treatments containing 2, 4-D. IAA
produced compact green and NAA green but slightly light coloured callus but with BAP in all the
cases improved glossiness and viability. NAA with no cytokinins produced maximum fresh weight
while, 1.5mg/l IBA + 0.1mg/l BA produced maximum dry weight. However, IBA could not induce
callus formation and stevioside synthesis by its own but with BA it was able to do so with a
maximum stevoside production (12.39%). The effects of photoperiod on TSS, chlorophyll and
stevioside content reveal that they were directly proportional and stevioside synthesis was
maximum with longer day length.
In liquid culture, GA3 produced a maximum amount of 13.88 per cent and Rhamnose to the
tune of 14.44 per cent stevioside, amounting to 1.3 and 1.56 times that of stevia plants, respectively.
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