MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF Fusarium sp. CAUSING BAKANAE DISEASE OF RICE IN WESTERN U.P
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Date
2019
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SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT - 250 110 (U.P.), INDIA
Abstract
Name: Dipanjali Bag Advisor: Dr. Kamal Khilari Id. No: 3962 Professor Degree: M. Sc. Ag. Deptt. Of Plant Pathology
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agri and Tech., Meerut-250 110 (U.P.), India
Thesis title: “Morphological And molecular characterization of Fusarium sp. causing bakanae disease of rice in western U.P”.
ABSTRACT
Rice is considered as one of the main staple food grains and Asian countries leads in production and consumption of rice, i.e. more than 90% rice is produced and consumed in Asia. India is considered as one of the leading exporter of rice. Rice belongs to the family of Gramineae (Poaceae) and genus Oryza. Rice possesses high nutritive values containing moisture 13.6g, protein 6.38g, fat 0.5g, minerals 0.6g, carbohydrates 78.2g, calcium 10 mg, fibre 0.2g, phosphorus 160mg, iron 0.7mg and vitamins. . In India, the total area under rice production in the year 2018-19 was 44.50 million hectares, with yield of 3.91 metric tones per hectare and production of 116.00 million metric tones. Among the diseases a fungal disease known as bakanae disease is one of the most important and causes severe losses in rice yield particularly in basmati rice. It is caused by Fusarium moniliforme (Gibbrella fujikuroi) which produce gibberellic acid (GA3), due to which there is an increase in the height of plant, therefore it is is also known as elongation disease. Some other symptoms includes, seedlings rot, foot rot, grain sterility and grain discolouration which ultimately effect seed quality and grain yields. It is very important to identify the pathogen causing the disease to control plant diseases and reduce yield losses. A total of twelve isolates were collected from different locations of western U.P. and morphological and molecular characters were studied. All the twelve isolates were morphologically studied and all the morphological characters like, fungal growth and pigmentation, radial growth, colony characters, spore characters in all the isolates were recorded on PDA media. Initially the color of all the isolates was white which changed subsequently to purple with age. The radial growth was observed from 8.0 -8.8 cm in diameter. The twelve isolates were grouped into two groups according to there colony characters, i.e., Group I (GRP 1) with isolates Fm (1-6) and Fm 12 comprised of white coloured cottony colony producing isolates with the size of micro-conidia ranging between (7.4 – 8.8) X (2.8 – 3.7) µm and macro-conidia size between (24.24 – 35.70) X (3.2 – 3.87) µm, with no chlamydospores. Group II (GRP 2) with the isolates Fm (7- 11) comprised of creamy white coloured colony producing isolates with the size of micro-conidia ranging between (7.3 – 9.1) X (3.2 – 3.9) µm and macro-conidia size between (29.54 - 35.73) X (2.92 – 4.8) µm, with no chlamydospores. According to the morphological characters, all the isolates were identified as Fusarium moniliforme. For further confirmation molecular characterization was done with specific primers i.e. Ef-1 & Ef-2, rp32 & rp33, H3-1a&H3-1b and Bt2a& Bt2b. With primer Ef-1 & Ef-2, all the 12 isolates showed single amplicon of 750 bp, with another set of primers, i.e. rp 32 and rp33, all the 12 isolates and the control culture gave single amplicon of 690bp, with another set of primers H3-1a and H3-1b, all the 12 isolates and the control culture gave single amplicon of 450 bp, and with another primer, Bt2a & Bt2b, all the 12 isolates and the control culture gave single amplicon of 450 bp.. The results indicated that bakane disease of rice in western UP is primarily caused by Fusarium moniliforme. The study also confirm that identification based on morphological and culture characteristics must be coupled with molecular characteristics for proper identification of specific fungal sp. causing Bakanae disease.