CLINICAL STUDIES ON URINARY OBSTRUCTION AND ITS MANAGEMENT IN BULL CALVES
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Date
2019-05
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
The present study was conducted on 24 clinical cases of male calves presented
with urinary retention to the Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology. The
overall incidence of urinary retention in young calves during the study period was
5.74% with cattle calves having higher incidence (62.5%) than buffalo calves (37.5%).
Signalment and history was collected, physiological parameters and
haematobiochemical parameters were evaluated, imaging procedures and urinalysis
were done preoperatively in all the calves. Based on the clinical manifestation, the
calves were divided into three groups as group I (n=6) calves with intact bladder were
included, Group II (n=12) calves with ruptured bladder were included and group III
(n=6) calves with urethral rupture were included. Preoperatively, neutrophilic
leucocytosis, highly elevated BUN and creatinine and hyperphosphatemia along with
high alkalinity of urine was observed in all the cases All calves were operated under light sedation of Midazolam and Ketamine in addition to local infilteration anaesthesia. Tube cystotomy was done in calves of all the three groups along with cystorrhaphy in calves of group II. Calves of group I and II showed normal urination through urethra by 4 – 45th post operative day with normal physiological and hematobiochemical values and urinary pH within the normal range. Calves of Group III showed extensive discolouration, necrosis and gangrene at the site of urine infiltration and majority were culled by the owners. Tube cystotomy along with urinary acidifier in the form of Ammonium chloride proved to be an effective surgical procedure which is less time consuming, cost effective, adaptable to field conditions with few postoperative complications. Factors like high BUN and creatinine values, high alkalinity of urine and urethral rupture are considered as poor prognostic factors in urinary retention cases.
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