Agro-morphological and molecular characterization of red rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm of Himachal Pradesh
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Date
2022-11-23
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Palampur
Abstract
The present investigation entitled “Agro-morphological and molecular characterization of red
rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm of Himachal Pradesh” was undertaken to identify and characterize the
rice genotypes by assessing the nature of variation and extent of genetic diversity among the genotypes
using morphological and molecular markers. The experimental material comprising 43 genotypes
including two checks were evaluated in Randomized Block Design during Kharif 2021 with three
replications. Data was recorded on grain yield per plant and various morphological traits along with
reaction to leaf blast and neck blast. Genetic diversity among different genotypes was studied on the
basis of morphological traits using Mahalanobis D2
-statistics and molecular analysis. The
morphological analysis was done as per the standard statistical procedures and molecular analysis was
done using NTSYS-pc, DARwin and STRUCTURE softwares. Analysis of variance revealed that
mean sum of squares due to genotypes were significant for all the agro-morphological traits except flag
leaf width indicating ample amount of genetic variability in the material under study. High PCV, GCV
and high heritability coupled with high genetic advance was recorded for total tillers per plant, L:B
ratio and grain yield per plant providing higher chance of selection for these traits. Grain yield per plant
exhibited significant positive correlation with all the traits except flag leaf width and grain breadth.
Path coefficient analysis revealed the high direct effect of biological yield per plant, harvest index, flag
leaf length and spikelets per panicle on grain yield per plant. D2
-statistics grouped 43 rice genotypes
into four clusters. Based on D2
statistics highest inter-cluster distance was recorded between cluster III
(Sukara, Desidhan and Sukara red) and cluster IV (Kalijhini-2, HPR-2913, Phulpatas-21 and HPR 2795). Hence, it has been well established that the genotypes belonging to these clusters are genetically
diverse. More the genetically diverse parents used in the hybridization program, greater will be the
chances of obtaining high heterotic hybrids. Cluster III had the highest cluster mean values for most of
the traits. Twenty one SSR primers amplified 53 polymorphic alleles with the mean of 2.52 alleles per
primer. Furthermore, 35 genotypes were common between D2
analysis and molecular analysis showing
the congruence of molecular markers with the morphological descriptors and hence, providing a
powerful tool to characterize and identify the genotypes of rice. Three genotypes namely Desidhan,
HPR-2913 and Sukara Red were found promising on the bases of their mean performance and
resistance to leaf blast and neck blast, therefore, could be further used in rice breeding programme.