ARSENIC (As) INDUCED TOXICITY AND ITS AMELIORATION IN BROILER CHICKEN
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Date
2007-10
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
ABSTRACT:
Arsenic is a heavy metal available abundantly in the air as an industrial
pollutant and resulting oxidative stress in livestock as well as in poultry. The
present study was designed to study the arsenic induced toxicity and its
. amelioration in broiler chicken. A total of 75 sexed male broiler chicks of day old age belonging to
Vencobb strain were randomly divided into five groups consisting of fifteen
chicks in each group. Group I was maintained on basal diet and group II on
arsenic @ 100 ppm in feed for 6 weeks. Group Ill was maintained on Emblica
officinalis @ 500 ppm for 6 weeks. Group IV was given with arsenic @ 100
ppm along with Emblica officinalis @ 500 ppm for 6 weeks. Group V was
given arsenic @ 100 ppm containing diet for the first 4 weeks and
subsequently treated with Emblica officmalis @ 500 ppm for the remaining 2
weeks. Individual body weight gain, feed consumption and FCR were recorded
in each group at weekly intervals. Five birds from each group were sacrificed
at fortnightly intervals. Blood, serum and tissue samples were collected.
Biomarkers of hepatic damage, protein profile in serum, TBARS, GSH in liver
and kidney were estimated. The histopathological studies of various vital
organs were carried out at the end of 2nd4, tha nd 6" week. HI titre in serum
and PHA index were estimated at the end of 4" and 6" week to evaluate the
immune status of birds. The arsenic treated group resulted in significant (Pe0.05) reduction in body weight gain, feed consumption and increase in FCR. Haematological
studies revealed that overall mean values of PCV, Hb and TEC were
significantly (P<0.05) reduced in group II in comparison to other groups. The
biochemical assays showed significant (Pe0.05) reduction in total protein,
albumin, globulin while significant (P<0.05) increase in A/G ratio, GGT,
Creatinine and BUN. Studies on oxidative stress revealed significant (Pc0.05)
increase of TBARS (Liver and Kidney) and significant (Pc0.05) decrease of
GSH (Liver and Kidney) in the group II. lmmunological assays in group II
revealed significant (P<0.05) increase in HI titre and significant (Pc0.05)
reduction in PHA index in comparison to other groups (1, Ill, IV and V).
Incorporating herb in the treatment groups (IV and V) showed marked
improvement in all the above parameters in comparison to arsenic toxic
control group. Clinically, birds in group II and V from 3d week onwards showed
reduced feed consumption, weight gain while the birds in other groups were
normal. Grossly, mild haemorrhages with rounded borders and pale
discoloration of liver with mild swelling and haemorrbages in kidney was
noticed. Reduction in size and mild congestion was observed in bursa of
Fabncius and spleen. Few haemorrhages with mild congestion of heart in the
earlier stages and later similar lesions with increased severity were obsewed.
Group V also revealed similar types of lesions upto 4 weeks and mild lesions
at later stages. No lesions of pathological significance were observed in other
groups. The histopathological changes in liver revealed dilatation of sinusoidal
spaces, congestion and bileduct hyperplasia with infiltration of mononuclear
cells. Kidney sections showed mild to moderate intertubular haemorrhages
with degenerative changes in few tubules. Mild to moderate depletion of
lymphocytes with interfollicular fibrosis and haemorrhages was observed in
sections of bursa of Fabricus. Spleen sections showed mild depletion of
germinal centers with marked congestion of trabecular arteries. Mild
disruption of cardiac fibres with moderate interfibrillar haemorrhages was
observed in heart sections. The treatment groups (IV and V) revealed similar
lesions but are of mild in nature. It can be concluded that arsenic @ 100 ppm in feed for 6 weeks caused a significant toxicity in broiler chicken and addition of antioxidant
Emblica officinalis was efficient in ameliorating the oxidative damage induced
by arsenic.
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