BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE TO Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) IN WILD RELATIVES OF CHICKPEA

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dc.contributor.advisorRAJASEKHAR, P
dc.contributor.authorSIVA KUMAR, GOLLA
dc.date.accessioned2018-08-13T08:09:31Z
dc.date.available2018-08-13T08:09:31Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.descriptionD5512en_US
dc.description.abstractThe present studies on “Biochemical and molecular mechanisms of resistance to Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in wild relatives of chickpea” were carried out at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, during 2014-16. A total of 20 accessions (15 wild relatives and five varieties of cultivated chickpea) were used to evaluate the mechanism of resistance to H. armigera. Under field conditions, during post-rainy seasons 2014-15 and 2015-16, all genotypes of wild relatives of chickpea recorded less number of H. armigera larvae, low visual leaf damage rating and per cent pod damage compared to cultivated chickpea. The genotypes IG 70012, PI 599046, IG 70022, PI 599066, IG 70006, IG 70018 (Cicer bijugum), ICC 506EB, ICCL 86111 (resistant checks), IG 72933, IG 72953 (C. reticulatum) IG 69979 (C. cuneatum) and IG 599076 (C. chrossanicum) showed high levels of antixenosis for oviposition of H. armigera under multi-, dual- and no-choice cage conditions. Studies on detached leaf assay revealed that the genotypes IG 70012, IG 70022, IG 70018, IG 70006, PI 599046, PI 599066 (C. bijugum), IG 69979 (C. cuneatum), PI 568217, PI 599077 (C. judaicum) and ICCW 17148 (C. microphyllum) showed less damage rating and low larval weights compared to susceptible checks. Larval survival was greater on the wild relatives than on the cultivated chickpea. Detached pod assay studies revealed that all wild relatives of chickpea exhibited less damage rating, lower per cent pod damage and lower percentage of weight gained by thirdinstar larva compared to cultivated chickpea. Survival and development of H. armigera on artificial diet impregnated with lyophilized leaf powders revealed that all wild relatives of chickpea genotypes showed high levels of antibiosis to H. armigera compared to cultivated chickpea in terms of lower larval survival, per cent pupation and adult emergence, decreased larval and pupal weight, prolonged larval and pupal developmental periods and reduced fecundity. xvi Among morphological characters, glandular and non-glandular trichomes showed negative association with oviposition under multi-choice and no-choice conditions. Glandular trichomes had significant negative association with damage rating, whereas non-glandular trichomes had significant positive association with damage rating and larval weight but negative association with larval survival in detached leaf assay. Pod wall thickness showed significant negative association with damage rating and per cent pod damage in detached pod assay. HPLC finger prints of leaf organic acids revealed a negative association of oxalic acid with oviposition, while malic acid showed positive and significant association with oviposition under multi- and no-choice conditions. Oxalic acid and malic acid had significant and negative correlation with larval survival in detached leaf assay, which indicates that higher amounts of these acids in cultivated chickpea resulted in reduced larval survival compared to wild relatives. The flavonoid compounds viz., chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, naringin, 3, 4- dihydroxy flavones, quercetin, naringenin, genestein, formononetin and biochanin A identified through HPLC finger prints exhibited negative effects on survival and development of H. armigera reared on artificial diet impregnated with lyophilized leaf powders. Proteins and phenols showed negative effect, while tannins and total soluble sugars showed positive effect on survival and development of H. armigera reared on artificial diet with lyophilized leaf powders of wild relatives of chickpea. Zymogram analysis revealed presence of 3 to 7 trypsin inhibitor (TI) isoforms in all 20 genotypes. The genotypes, IG 70018, IG 70012, IG 70006, IG 70022, PI 599066, IG 72933, IG 72953 and IG 69979 showed higher inhibitory activity of H. armigera gut (HG) proteases, while genotypes PI 510663, PI 599109, PI 568217 and ICCW 17148 showed low inhibitory activity under in vitro conditions. Studies on hemagglutination of lectins revealed that wild relatives of chickpea genotypes showed more agglutination even at less concentration. Schiff’s base staining of lectins revealed that only one isoform with a molecular weight of 29 kDa was observed in wild relatives of chickpea. GC-MS profile peaks of leaf surface chemicals identified with hexane extracts showed 56 peaks in all genotypes. Correlation studies with detached leaf assay and oviposition preference indicated presence of feeding and oviposition repellents as well as phagostimulants and oviposition attractants. A total of 107 GC-MS profile peaks were identified with methanol extracts. Correlation studies indicated that methanol extracts had higher amount of phagostimulants and oviposition repellents than antifeedants and oviposition attractants. The 26 SSR markers used for assessing genetic diversity of wild relatives of chickpea detected a total of 186 alleles with an average of 7.15 alleles per marker. PIC values varied from 0.21 (CaM2064) to 0.89 (CaM0958, ICCM0249 and TAA58). Gene diversity varied from 0.24 (CaM2064) to 0.90 (CaM0958, ICCM0249 and TAA58). The average observed heterozygosity was 0.20. The dendrogram based on UPGMA showed that cultivated chickpea showed a closer genetic relation with the C. reticulatum, while, the species C. microphyllum, C. judaicum, C. bijugum and C. pinnatifidum were placed in other cluster. The other species C. cuneatum was placed in separate cluster indicated that it is distantly related to species in other two clusters.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810064215
dc.keywordsBIOCHEMICAL, MOLECULAR, MECHANISMS, RESISTANCE, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner), WILD, CHICKPEAen_US
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.pages245en_US
dc.publisherAcharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural Universityen_US
dc.research.problemBIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE TO Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) IN WILD RELATIVES OF CHICKPEAen_US
dc.subEntomologyen_US
dc.subjectnullen_US
dc.themeBIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE TO Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) IN WILD RELATIVES OF CHICKPEAen_US
dc.these.typePh.Den_US
dc.titleBIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE TO Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) IN WILD RELATIVES OF CHICKPEAen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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