IMPACT OF WEATHER ON GROWTH, YIELD, CROP WATER BALANCE, INSECT PESTS AND DISEASES INCIDENCE IN MANGO (Mangifera indica L.)
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Date
2022-11-16
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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore
Abstract
A field experiment on mango hybrid Mallika was conducted at two orchards with two management levels (M1: control and M2: with plant protection chemicals) having sample size of five plants each in two locations with different age groups of 20 and 28 years old plantation located at Dryland Agriculture Project (I Block) and Zonal Agricultural Research Station (C Block), University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru. The results revealed that, there was significantly higher fruit yield (74.34 kg/tree), average fruit weight (416.4 g), number of fruits (183.9), heat use efficiency (3.07 kg degree days-1), photothermal use efficiency (0.25 kg degree days hours-1), helio-thermal use efficiency (0.24 kg degree days hours-1), hydro-thermal use efficiency (0.047 kg degree days-1), water use efficiency (22.73 kg ha-mm-1) and radiation use efficiency (2.16 kg MJ-1) in 20 years aged trees with plant protection chemical spray as compared to other treatment combinations. The sandy clay loam soil of 20 years aged trees orchard showed better soil moisture supplying ability throughout the crop growth period as compared to sandy loam soil of 28 years orchard. Moisture availability index and water requirement satisfaction index values were maximum during 2021-22 due to higher rainfall in the mango growing period as compared to 2020-21, which represents lower moisture stress and less chances of crop failure due to deficit rainfall condition and it also recorded higher yield during this year. Further, maximum fruit fly activity (84.1 ± 25.9 flies/trap/week), incidence of anthracnose (50.5 ± 20.6 %) and stem end rot (41.5 ± 32.4 %) diseases were observed with 20 year aged unmanaged trees while, hoppers population (7.01 ± 4.41 /panicle) and powdery mildew (26.74 ± 11.69 %) disease incidence was maximum in 28 years aged unmanaged trees.