STABILITY FOR GRAIN YIELD IN FINGER MILLET [ELEUSINE CORACANA (L.) GAERTN.]
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Date
2023-12-04
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Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out during kharif, 2021 at three locations viz., Vizianagaram, Bapatla and Chintapalle with the prime objective of identifying the high yielding stable genotypes across locations. Other genetic parameters like mean, genetic varaiability, heritability, expected genetic adavance as percent of mean along with character association and the magnitude of direct and indirect effects of yield component traits were carried out. The study also includes another major objective of stability analysis using AMMI.
The analysis of variance indicated significant differences among 35 genotypes for all the traits viz., days to 50% flowering, plant height, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, leaves per main tiller, ear length, finger length, fingers per ear, finger width, tillers per plant, productive tillers per plant, days to maturity, test weight, grain iron content, grain zinc content, grain calcium content, grain manganese content, grain copper content and grain yield per plant. The genotypic coefficients of variation for all the characters studied were lesser than the phenotypic coefficients of variation indicating the influence of environment on expression of these traits. High PCV and moderate GCV were recorded for grain iron, zinc, manganese and copper contents, while finger width, test weight and grain calcium content recorded moderate PCV and GCV.
The estimates of high heritability coupled with high expected genetic advance as per cent of mean were observed for grain iron and zinc contents indicating the predominance of additive gene action in controlling the inheritance of these traits. Hence, direct phenotypic selection could be rewarding with respect to these traits. Considering the nature and magnitude of character associations and their direct and indirect effects, it can be inferred that days to 50% flowering, leaves per main tiller, fingers per ear and grain iron content could serve as important traits in any selection programme for selecting high yielding genotypes in finger millet.
Combined AMMI analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes (G), environments (E) and genotype × environment interaction (GEI). 49.07% of variation was explained by environmental component, 28.81% of variation was due to genotypes and 22.12% was due to GEI. Existence of GEI indicated that the ranking of genotypes varied with environments. AMMI 1 biplot, plotted between the
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mean grain yield and the first IPC of GEI revealed that VR1130, VR1112 and VR1118 were high yielders as well as stable genotypes as these genotypes fall on the right side of the vertical axis and nearer to the horizontal axis. The longer vector length of Vizianagaram location indicated that this location was favourable for expression of finger millet grain yield and could discriminate genotypes with respect to yield.
From AMMI 2 biplot, plotted between the two IPCs revealed that the genotypes, GPU45, CFMV1, VR762, VR847 and FM-3126 were most stable since they are very closer to the origin. The angle between the vectors of Vizianagaram and Chintapalle was found to be approximately 900 indicating no correlation between the two locations with respect to yield per se of genotypes. Further, Bapatla location was found to have negative correlation with the other locations as its vector is making obtuse angles with the vectors of other two locations. Genotype, PPR1152 was found to be specifically adapted to Vizianagaram location. Among 35 studied genotypes, 20 recorded lesser ASV scores than the mean ASV score indicating that these genotypes were stable. The culling Simultaneous Selection Index (c-SSI) obtained by considering ASV values and per se yield, identified and ranked the genotypes which are stable and high yielders. c-SSI identified the genotypes viz., VR1130, VR1112 and VR1118 as the best genotypes interms of yield and stability. Hence, these genotypes can be recommended for these three locations for stable performance and high yield