EFFECT OF PHOTOPERIOD AND TEMPERATURE ON GROWTH, DRYMATTER PARTITIONING AND YIELD IN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.)
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Date
2017
Authors
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Publisher
Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University
Abstract
The experiment on “Effect of photoperiod and temperature on
growth, drymatter partitioning and yield in groundnut (Arachis
hypogaea L.)” was conducted at Tirupati located at 13.650N & 79.420E of
Southern Agroclimatic zone of Andhra Pradesh. The experiment was
conducted during kharif season of 2016 in a split plot design with three
replications. The treatments included four varieties (Narayani, Dharani, K-6
and TMV-2) of groundnut sown at three dates of sowing (June 21st, July 14th
and July 30th).
The data on crop weather interactions interms of temperature (GDDGrowing
degree days), day length (Photothermal unit), sun shine hours
(Heliothermal unit) and Heat use efficiency (HUE) were calculated for the
three varieties sown at three different dates of sowing. The data reveals that
Dharani (V2) recorded higher accumulation of GDD (2277oday), PTU
(27691oC day hr), HTU (14164.81 oC day hr), and HUE (0.88 Kg ha-1 oC
day-1
) from sowing to physiological maturity compared to Narayani, K-6
and TMV-2. Dharani variety also recorded higher physiological efficiency
interms of Leaf area index (LAI), drymatter accumulation and pod yield and
its attributes compared to other three varieties.
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Among the three dates of sowing, photothermal units i.e., GDD, HTU
and PTU were varied across the different growth stages. June 21st sowing
had favourable agro-climatic conditions particularly temperature and rainfall
at vegetative phase and more accumulated temperature, day length and sun
shine hours in terms of higher accumulated GDD, HTU and PTU from
sowing to physiological maturity compared to other dates of sowing. Hence,
June 21
st sowing showed higher LAI, drymatter accumulation and yield and
its attributes compared to other two dates of sowing. This early sown crop
resulted in higher pod yields also because of higher heat use efficiency of
0.93 kg ha-1 oC day-1
. LAI and total drymatter also showed significantly
positive correlation with yield at different growth intervals.
Validation of PNUTGRO model of groundnut varieties at three dates
of sowing also showed good to moderate results. Model estimation was very
close to that of observed values for emergence day, anthesis day, days to
seed initiation, days to pod initiation and days to harvest maturity. Model
underestimated pod yield, haulm yield, stock yield due to the supply of
irrigation in higher temperature. The overall performance of the model was
good which indicated that model works well in this Southern Agroclimatic
region of A.P.
It is concluded that Dharani variety sowing during June 21st (June II
fortnight) sowing is effective interms of better accumulation of temperature,
photoperiod and sun shine hours especially at pod filling stage thereby
higher drymatter, yield and HI. Heat use efficiency is a good index for
identifying better variety and dates of sowing
Description
D5502
Keywords
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