Snack consumption pattern and its implications on nutritional status of adolescents of Hisar
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Date
2022-07
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CCS HAU, Hisar
Abstract
The present study was conducted between March 2022 to May, 2022 on two hundred adolescents (13-15 years) who were randomly selected from the rural (n=100) and urban (n=100) schools. The study group was having 109 females and 91 males. The majority from two school categories had nuclear families with non-working mothers. Majority of the adolescents had only one sibling. Majority of respondents from rural and urban area had monthly family income (Rs.) between 10,001 to 30,000. Modified Kuppuswamy and Udai pareekh‘s socio economic scale was used for study purpose. It was observed that majority of rural adolescents were from upper middle class and middle class (40% each) and majority of urban adolescents were from upper class (46.00%).Rural adolescents were involved in more physical activity than the urban adolescents. Frequency of meal skipping was higher in urban area than rural, 13 and 20 percent on alternate days and 16 and 18 percent were skipping meal after every 2-3 days. Further it was observed 44 percent rural adolescents and 65 percent urban adolescents were consuming fruit and vegetables on daily basis and 24 and 8 percent were consuming on weekly basis respectively. Further it was observed that 26 percent adolescents were preferring snacks over meals followed by 30.5 percent adolescents preferring snacks occasionally and 30.5 percent adolescents were consuming snacks bought from outside on daily basis. Snack consumption frequency was higher in urban area (36 percent) than urban area (25 percent) on daily basis. It was evident that 26 percent adolescents were consuming snacks one time a day and 19.5 percent were consuming more than 3 times a day. Among all 55 percent adolescents found a significant impact of social media on their choice. Adolescents who couldn‘t live without packaged snacks were 57.5 percent. Mean BMI of rural and urban female adolescents of age group 13-15 was 16.80 and 18.91 kg/m2, respectively. The mean BMI of rural adolescents (16.93 kg/m2) was significantly (p≤0.05) lower than that of urban adolescents (18.80 kg/m2).The mean BMR of rural and urban adolescents was 1264.39 and 1377.74 respectively, with significant difference (p≤0.05).The overall mean BMI of female and male adolescents reported was 17.83 and 17.91 kg/m2, respectively; Present study revealed that the daily mean intake of pulses, green leafy vegetables, roots tubers, other vegetables, fruits, milk & milk products, fats & oils, and sugar & jaggery was significantly lower (p≤0.05) than the recommended RDIs values in the daily diet of both males and females of both the area.
Except cereals, roots & tubers and sugar & jaggery the adequacy ratio was below 50 per cent for all food groups in majority of adolescents. It may be concluded that male and female adolescents from both areas consumed less food and nutrients than the RDI/RDA recommended by the ICMR (2020) for Indian adolescents. Individuals who lived in cities were substantially (p 0.05) more likely to snack than those who lived in rural areas. The majority of respondents had BMIs lower than the WHO (2008) recommended range for appropriate body weight, indicating the presence of malnutrition. Therefore, it is vital to focus on creating awareness about snacking frequency and its health implications among adolescents and their parents in order to enhance the existing nutritional status of adolescents.