Understanding rice-wheat system performance under pressurized irrigation and conservation agriculture practices

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dc.contributor.advisorParveen Kumar
dc.contributor.authorJatana, Mansukh Singh
dc.date.accessioned2023-06-15T03:08:37Z
dc.date.available2023-06-15T03:08:37Z
dc.date.issued2022-05-31
dc.description.abstractIntensive tillage and open-field residue burning are tremendously propagated in conventional rice–wheat system (RWS) in recent past without much considering the economic profitability, soil health and environmental protection. This study aims at identifying a set of affordable crop management practices to suitably enhance the crop production and farm profitability in RWS with optimal resource use (tillage and residue management) and lower water footprints (higher water use efficacy) in ecologically sustainable manner. The present field experiment “Understanding rice-wheat system performance under pressurized irrigation and conservation agriculture practices” was carried out at the Research Farm of ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (CSSRI), Karnal for two years (2019-20 and 2020-21) in rice-wheat rotation involving different tillage [puddled-transplanted rice (PTR), direct-seeded rice (DSR) in rice; conventional (CTW) and zero-till wheat (ZTW) in wheat], irrigation [surface (SIS), drip (DRIP) and sprinkler (MSIS)] and residue management [with (+RM) and without residue mulching (–RM)] options. A total of 4 treatments in rice and 7 treatments in wheat were laid out in a completely randomized block design with four replications. The results revealed that better soil moisture availability throughout the crop growing season in PTR led to improved morphological and physiological traits, ultimately culminating in enhanced yield components [filled grains panicle-1 (17%) and 1000-grain weight (8%)], yield (11%) and quality parameters in comparison to DSR. Notably, the yield penalty (10%) realized under DSR was subsequently compensated by better crop performance (14%) of ZTW. Positive changes in hydro-thermal regimes and better utilization of growth resources in pressurized irrigated residue mulched ZTW (DRIP/MSIS-ZTW+RM) ascertained improved leaf water status (RWC; 5% and 8%), water potential (12% and 7%), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm; 6% and 10%), transpiration rate (E; 14% and 12%), photosynthetic rate (Pn: 7% and 13%), stomatal conductance (gS: 4% and 10%) at vegetative and reproductive stages, respectively resulting in enhanced crop growth and improved yield parameters; thereby attaining 17% higher wheat yields, 53% higher IWUE and 26% higher TWP with better grain quality [(protein; 1.6%) and grain hardiness (2.6%)], in comparison to CTW. Compared to conventional PTR/CTW system (11.61 t ha-1, 653 kg ha-cm-1, 2.81 kg m-3, respectively), adequate soil moisture availability and improved micro-climatic conditions in DRIP-DSR/ZTW+RM led to transformative alterations in morphological and physiological parameters of crop growth resulting in 11.86 t ha-1 grain yields, 1904 kg ha-cm-1 IWUE, and 3.62 kg m-3 TWP in system perspective. Switching from conventional RWS to drip-irrigated DSR/ZTW system receiving rice residue mulching in wheat (DRIP-DSR/ZTW+RM) could be a potential alternative in realizing the reduced tillage operations, rational crop water use and tackling residue burning problem while sustainably conserving the natural resources, improving soil health and rice-wheat performance in western IGPs and similar ecologies elsewhere.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810197601
dc.keywordsCrop establishment; pressurized irrigation systems; residue mulching; agronomic, physiological and yield assessments; rice-wheat systemen_US
dc.language.isoEnglishen_US
dc.pages109+ xven_US
dc.publisherCCSHAU Hisaren_US
dc.subAgronomyen_US
dc.themeUnderstanding rice-wheat system performance under pressurized irrigation and conservation agriculture practicesen_US
dc.these.typePh.Den_US
dc.titleUnderstanding rice-wheat system performance under pressurized irrigation and conservation agriculture practicesen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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