STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF ETHYL METHANE SULPHONATE (EMS) IN NIGER (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.)
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Date
2023-02-17
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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore
Abstract
Niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass., 2n=2x=30) is an oilseed crop said to have originated in Ethiopia. Niger seeds contain 37-47% oil and 24-34% protein, making it one of the healthiest oils for consumer usage. The present investigation was carried out to genetically improve the crop through mutation breeding by creating variability. The objectives of the study include determination of LD50, screening for yield-related traits, analyzing the cross-compatibility pattern and isolate desirable mutants in JNC-6 cultivar. The seeds were treated with EMS of different concentrations viz., 0.5%, 0.7% and 0.9%. LD50 was found to be 0.7%. Significant differences were observed among the different concentrations for all the traits indicating the prevalence of variability in M1 and M2 generations. Lethal dose of 0.7% dose was most effective in enhancing the mean, range, coefficient of variability, heritability and genetic advance in all the characters studied. Frequency of morphological mutations like chlorophyll mutants, plant type mutants, and floral mutants were recorded in 0.7% EMS. Niger being a cross-pollinated crop with selfincompatibility, petriplate pollination technique was employed to assess the compatibility pattern. Out of 400 inter-crosses performed 60.25% of crosses were recorded to be compatible and remaining 39.75% of the crosses were found to be incompatible. Among the compatible crosses 1.00% of the crosses exhibited self-compatibility, 45.91% exhibited one-way compatibility and remaining 44.02% of the crosses were two-way compatibility. In the present study, having high yield, semi dwarf and high self-fertility percentage mutants have been isolated.