AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF FARM MECHANISATION IN RICE CULTIVATION IN WEST GODAVARI DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH STATE

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dc.contributor.advisorSUSEELA, K
dc.contributor.authorGOUSIYA, SHAIK
dc.date.accessioned2020-02-28T05:55:43Z
dc.date.available2020-02-28T05:55:43Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.descriptionD5912en_US
dc.description.abstractAgricultural labour has become the most important resource in Indian agriculture and the cost of human labour constituted almost half of the cost of cultivation of major crops. Even though India has the second largest man-power in the world, all the sectors of the economy have been affected by the scarcity of labourers, but the impact is being felt more in the agricultural sector. Labourers are migrating to different parts of the country for higher income and growth opportunities in other sectors, when compared to agricultural sector. The ratio of agricultural labour to total workforce is expected to decline from 55 per cent in 2011 to 41 per cent by 2020, with a further decrease to 26 per cent by 2030 (FICCI, 2017). This trend of declining agricultural labour to total work force can become a serious threat to the overall sector‘s productivity, income level and standard of living of Indian farmers. Technology and machines will be the key solutions to the problem of growing shortage of labour as it saves time and money besides resulting in increased yield. The increased use of purchased inputs in agriculture necessitated to raise their use efficiencies through mechanisation. The overall level of farm mechanisation in India is less than 40-45 per cent, as compared to 90 per cent in most of the developed countries. Andhra Pradesh ranks third position in rice with 23.79 lakh hectares of area, 92.27 million tonnes of production and 3941 kg/ha productivity (2015-16, TE). In Andhra Pradesh at present the Farm power availability is below 2.00Kw/ha which is low and there is lot of scope for improvement. This can be improved by providing adequate subsidies to procure high cost machinery for adoption of technology. Rice is an important labour intensive crop, which requires 900-1000 man hours per ha and 100135 man days per ha (FICCI, 2017). In Andhra Pradesh, West Godavari district has 3.99 L ha area under paddy, which is the principal crop grown in the district. The district is facing a problem of labour shortage due to high economic growth, fast infrastructure development, higher wages in other jobs available locally, shifting to regular/permanent job from agricultural job, agriculture labour being presumed to be a low esteemed job, migration to nearby city for higher wages, migration due to improvement in educational status etc. This labour shortage necessitates promotion of mechanisation, which provides much needed support to farmers troubled by shortage of xiv labour (Hazarika, 2015). Keeping in view of above facts the present study entitled ―An Economic Analysis of Farm Mechanisation in Rice Cultivation in West Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh State‖, has been undertaken with the following objectives. 1. to study the status of implementation of farm mechanisation programmes in West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh 2. to analyse the impact of farm mechanisation on income and employment in rice farming 3. to assess the energy use pattern and efficiency of mechanisation in rice farming 4. to analyse the constraints in adoption of farm mechanisation in rice cultivation. West Godavari district has been selected purposively as it stands first in area and production in rice crop. Among 48 mandals in the district, as per the information provided by the Govt. officials, four mandals following highest mechanisation were selected. From each mandal, two villages following highest mechanisation were selected, total eight villages were selected. The respondents from these eight villages were selected proportionately to the total paddy farmers in the selected mandals and making a final sample size 122. Out of which, 63 farmers were categorised as complete mechanised farmers and 59 farmers as partially mechanised farmers. Primary data were collected through personal interview method from farmers. The secondary data were collected from Chief planning office, Eluru, West Godavari district. Tools of analysis used were to study the status of implementation of farm mechanisation programmes tabular analysis was used. For cost of cultivation, costs concepts approach was used. To study the impact of farm mechanisation on income and employment, multiple linear regression analysis was used. To study the energy use pattern, energy input-output ratio analysis was used. To study the technical efficiency, stochastic frontier production function was used. To study the constraints of adoption of farm mechanisation, Garett ranking technique was used. In the analysis of status of implementation of farm mechanisation programmes there is no constant increase/decrease in the supply of machines. The costs and returns were analysed for both complete and partially mechanised farms. The results showed that in case of complete mechanised farms, the per hectare total cost of cultivation (C3) was Rs. 65,473.34 which was low as compared to partially mechanised farms with the per hectare total cost of cultivation (C3) was Rs. 75,927.91. The yield per hectare in complete mechanised farms was high with 65.625 q/ha as compared to partially mechanised farms with 56.25 q/ha. Thus the gross returns was high in complete mechanised farms with Rs.1,26,025/ha as compared to partially mechanised farms with Rs. 1,13,750/ha. The net income was high in complete mechanised farms with Rs.60,551.16/ha as compared to partially mechanised farms with Rs. 37,822.09/ha. Impact of farm mechanisation on income was estimated by using multiple linear regression and the results revealed that the coefficient of multiple determination R2 for complete mechanised farms, the coefficient of multiple determination R2 was 0.85 was indicated that the independent variables could explain about 85 per cent of variation in dependent variable. The coefficient of machine cost and fertilisers cost was found to be significant. An increase in machine cost and fertilisers cost by one unit would result in an increase of 2.31 units and 0.25 units in the net income respectively. In partially mechanised farms was 0.79 which indicated that 79 per cent of variation in dependent xv variable can be explained by independent variables. The coefficient of machine cost and fertilizer cost was found to be significant. An increase in machine cost and manures cost by one unit would result in an increase of 13.21 and 0.20 units in the net income respectively. Impact of farm mechanisation on employment was estimated by using multiple linear regression and the results found that the coefficient of determination R2 was 82 which indicate that 82 per cent of the variations in labour requirement are negatively explained by the independent variables. The coefficient of input costs and machine time were significant indicating that 1 unit increase in the input costs and machine used time, would decrease the labour requirement by 0.06 and 4.34 units respectively. The negative co-efficient of dummy variable indicate that with the increase of mechanisation the total labour used time would be decreased. In energy use pattern analysis, fertilizer energy was found to be the dominant source of energy contributing 19,784 MJ/ha and 28,425 MJ/ha under complete and partially mechanised farms respectively. In case of complete mechanised farms, the contribution of other major sources of energy were machine power energy with 15,002 MJ/ha followed by irrigation energy with 12,750 MJ/ha. The total energy input was found to be 54,719 MJ/ha. The output energy obtained was 1,06,006 MJ/ha. The energy productivity was found to be 0.15 kg/MJ. The specific energy was found to be 7.91 MJ/Kg. The net energy was found to be 51,287. The energy intensiveness was found to be 0.74. The Energy use efficiency was 1.93. In case of partially mechanised farms, the contribution of other major sources of energy were human energy was found to be 12,403 MJ/ha and irrigation energy was 12,750 MJ/ha. The total energy input was found to be 64,824 MJ/ha. The output energy obtained was 93,002 MJ/ha. The energy productivity was found to be 0.09 kg/MJ. The specific energy was found to be 11.04 MJ/Kg. The net energy was found to be 28,178. The energy intensiveness was found to be 0.88. The energy use efficiency was 1.45. In complete mechanised farms, the mean technical efficiency was found as 92.30 per cent and the reorganisation of existing inputs in an efficient manner and adoption of improved technology could increase the energy output by 7.70 per cent. In partially mechanised farms, the mean technical efficiency was found to be 80.25 per cent and the reorganisation of existing inputs in an efficient manner could increase the energy output by 19.75 per cent. Garett Ranking Technique was employed to identify the constraints for both complete and partially mechanised farmers. For complete mechanised farmers, the major constraints identified were insufficient number of machineries and high cost of machinery. For partially mechanised farmers, the major constraints identified were lack of awareness on Govt. subsidies for purchase of machines and Low amount of Govt. subsidy for tractors (>30 hp) with less than 50 per cent. Some policy recommendations, which may be useful for expanding the adoption of mechanisation in rice cultivation are the machinery/equipment under the Govt. schemes/programmes, which is intended to provide to small and marginal farmers should be provided on high subsidy for tractors (>30 hp) in order to encourage these categories of farmers to adopt mechanisation in rice. Farm mechanisation should be promoted among the partially mechanised farmers by providing cost effective and efficient machinery with high subsidy as mechanisation increases the net income increases by reducing the cost of cultivation in rice.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810143874
dc.keywordsFARM MECHANISATION, RICE CULTIVATION, WEST GODAVARI DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH STATEen_US
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.pages150en_US
dc.publisherACHARYA N G RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, GUNTURen_US
dc.research.problemAN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF FARM MECHANISATION IN RICE CULTIVATION IN WEST GODAVARI DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH STATEen_US
dc.subAgricultural Economicsen_US
dc.subjectnullen_US
dc.themeAN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF FARM MECHANISATION IN RICE CULTIVATION IN WEST GODAVARI DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH STATEen_US
dc.these.typeM.Scen_US
dc.titleAN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF FARM MECHANISATION IN RICE CULTIVATION IN WEST GODAVARI DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH STATEen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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